Heat source unit and refrigeration cycle apparatus

ABSTRACT

A heat source unit and a refrigeration cycle apparatus that are able to reduce damage to a connection pipe when a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used are provided. An outdoor unit ( 20 ) that is connected via a liquid-side connection pipe ( 6 ) and a gas-side connection pipe ( 5 ) to an indoor unit ( 30 ) including an indoor heat exchanger ( 31 ) and that is a component of an air conditioner ( 1 ) includes a compressor ( 21 ) and an outdoor heat exchanger ( 23 ). A refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant. A design pressure of the outdoor unit ( 20 ) is lower than 1.5 times a design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe ( 6 ) and the gas-side connection pipe ( 5 ).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a heat source unit and a refrigerationcycle apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

Hitherto, in refrigeration cycle apparatuses, such as air conditioners,R410A is often used as a refrigerant. R410A is a two-component mixedrefrigerant of difluoromethane (CH₂F₂; HFC-32, or R32) andpentafluoroethane (C₂HF₅; HFC-125, or R125) and is a pseudo-azeotropiccomposition.

However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088, and, inrecent years, because of growing concern about global warming, R32 thatis a refrigerant having a lower GWP is used more often.

For this reason, for example, PTL 1 (International Publication No.2015/141678) suggests various types of low-GWP refrigerant mixtures asalternatives to R410A.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem

However, for a case where a refrigerant containing at least1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant having a sufficiently lowGWP, using a refrigeration cycle apparatus or its component devicehaving any pressure resistance strength is not considered or suggestedat all.

For example, for a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerant,such as R410A and R32 that are often used so far, when existingconnection pipes are used, and the refrigerant is replaced with arefrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene, there are concernsabout occurrence of damage to the existing connection pipes if a devicethat is a component of the refrigeration cycle apparatus operates undera pressure exceeding the withstanding pressure of the existingconnection pipes.

The contents of the present disclosure are described in view of theabove-described points, and it is an object to provide a heat sourceunit and a refrigeration cycle apparatus that are able to reduce damageto a connection pipe when a refrigerant containing at least1,2-difluoroethylene is used.

Solution to Problem

A heat source unit according to a first aspect includes a compressor anda heat source-side heat exchanger. The heat source unit is connected viaa connection pipe to a service unit and is a component of arefrigeration cycle apparatus. The service unit includes a service-sideheat exchanger. In the heat source unit, a refrigerant containing atleast 1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant. A design pressureof the heat source unit is lower than 1.5 times a design pressure of theconnection pipe.

A “design pressure” means a gauge pressure (hereinafter, the sameapplies).

Since the heat source unit has a design pressure lower than 1.5 timesthe design pressure of the connection pipe, the heat source unit isoperated at a pressure lower than a withstanding pressure of theconnection pipe. Therefore, even when the heat source unit is connectedto the connection pipe and used, damage to the connection pipe can bereduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a second aspect includes aservice unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the firstaspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containingat least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The design pressure of the heatsource unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, damage to the connection pipe can be reducedwhen the design pressure of the heat source unit, equivalent to or thesame as that of the pre-modified one, is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a third aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the second aspect, and the designpressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourth aspect includes aservice unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the firstaspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containingat least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The design pressure of the heatsource unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, damage to the connection pipe can be reducedwhen the design pressure of the heat source unit, equivalent to or thesame as that of the pre-modified one, is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the fourth aspect, and the designpressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixth aspect includes aheat source unit, a service unit, and a connection pipe. The heat sourceunit includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. Theservice unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. The connection pipeconnects the heat source unit and the service unit. In the refrigerationcycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethyleneis used. A design pressure of the heat source unit is equivalent to adesign pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerantR22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, damage to the connection pipe can be reducedwhen the design pressure of the heat source unit, equivalent to or thesame as that of the pre-modified one, is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventh aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the sixth aspect, and the designpressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighth aspect includes aheat source unit, a service unit, and a connection pipe. The heat sourceunit includes a compressor and a heat source-side heat exchanger. Theservice unit includes a service-side heat exchanger. The connection pipeconnects the heat source unit and the service unit. In the refrigerationcycle apparatus, a refrigerant containing at least 1,2-difluoroethyleneis used. A design pressure of the heat source unit is equivalent to adesign pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which refrigerantR410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the design pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, damage to the connection pipe can be reducedwhen the design pressure of the heat source unit, equivalent to or thesame as that of the pre-modified one, is used.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a ninth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the eighth aspect, and the designpressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A heat source unit according to a tenth aspect includes a compressor, aheat source-side heat exchanger, and a control device. The heat sourceunit is connected via a connection pipe to a service unit and is acomponent of a refrigeration cycle apparatus. The service unit includesa service-side heat exchanger. In the heat source unit, a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used as a refrigerant. Thecontrol device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit ofa controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit islower than 1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe.

The heat source unit is configured to set or be able to set an upperlimit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant made by the controldevice such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a designpressure of the connection pipe. Therefore, even when the heat sourceunit is connected to the connection pipe and used, operation control isensured at a pressure lower than the withstanding pressure of theconnection pipe, so damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eleventh aspect includesa service unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit of the tenthaspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant containingat least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device is configuredto set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit ofa controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus inwhich refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is configuredto set or be able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant by the control device of the heat source unit such thatthe upper limit is equal to or the same as the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the heat source unit in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used, sodamage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twelfth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the eleventh aspect, and the upperlimit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirteenth aspectincludes a service unit, a connection pipe, and the heat source unit ofthe tenth aspect. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device isconfigured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlledpressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent toan upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus inwhich refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is configuredto set or be able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant by the control device of the heat source unit such thatthe upper limit is equal to or the same as the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the heat source unit in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used, sodamage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fourteenth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the thirteenth aspect, and the upperlimit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fifteenth aspect includesa heat source unit, a service unit, a connection pipe, and a controldevice. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a heatsource-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a service-sideheat exchanger. The connection pipe connects the heat source unit andthe service unit. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device isconfigured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlledpressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent toan upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus inwhich refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is configuredto set or be able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant by the control device of the heat source unit such thatthe upper limit is equal to or the same as the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the heat source unit in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used, sodamage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a sixteenth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the fifteenth aspect, and the upperlimit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a seventeenth aspectincludes a heat source unit, a service unit, a connection pipe, and acontrol device. The heat source unit includes a compressor and a heatsource-side heat exchanger. The service unit includes a service-sideheat exchanger. The connection pipe connects the heat source unit andthe service unit. In the refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used. The control device isconfigured to set or be able to set an upper limit of a controlledpressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent toan upper limit of a controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

Here, the “equivalent” pressure preferably falls within the range of±10% of the controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus inwhich refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, even when a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used ismodified to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerantcontaining at least 1,2-difluoroethylene is used while the originalconnection pipe is used, the refrigeration cycle apparatus is configuredto set or be able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant by the control device of the heat source unit such thatthe upper limit is equal to or the same as the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the heat source unit in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used, sodamage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to an eighteenth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus of the seventeenth aspect, and the upperlimit of the controlled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a nineteenth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninthand eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene(R1234yf).

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to those ofR410A is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twentieth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OAthat connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsBD, CO, and OA);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty first aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, andCG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsIA, BD, and CG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty second aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C,and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsBD and CJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty third aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C,and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentsBD and CJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43)

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fourth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TPthat connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentBF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty fifth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments PL, LQ, QR, and RP that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty sixth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect,wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments SM, MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS thatconnect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,−0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty seventh aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) andtrifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or morebased on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % of HFO-1132(E)based on the entire refrigerant.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (which maybe referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to those ofR410A and is classified with lower flammability (class 2L) under thestandard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connectionpipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty eighth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and

the refrigerant comprises 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E)based on the entire refrigerant.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigeration capacity (which maybe referred to as cooling capacity or capacity) equivalent to those ofR410A and is classified with lower flammabilitye (class 2L) under thestandard of American Society of Heating Refrigeration and AirConditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used, and damage to the connectionpipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a twenty ninth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, anda,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BD′, D′ C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),

point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),

point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I,point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W).

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to those ofR410A is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirtieth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninthand eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, z, anda,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9,−0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B,point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702,−0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05), and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W).

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) and a coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to those ofR410A is used, and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty first aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI;

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3,y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lowerflammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society ofHeating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty second aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MM′, MN, NV, VG, and GM that connectthe following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6,y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates(0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y^(2+1.2541)y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates(0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lowerflammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society ofHeating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty third aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates(0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lowerflammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society ofHeating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fourth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connectthe following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates(0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates(0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates(0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lowerflammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society ofHeating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty fifth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates(0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and arefrigeration capacity (which may be referred to as cooling capacity orcapacity) equivalent to that of R410A and is classified with lowerflammability (class 2L) under the standard of American Society ofHeating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty sixth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32),

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI thatconnect the following 6 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty seventh aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0,−0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty eighth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM thatconnect the following 6 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a thirty ninth aspect isthe refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second toninth and eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a fortieth aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninthand eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

A refrigeration cycle apparatus according to a forty first aspect is therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to any of the second to ninthand eleventh to eighteenth aspects, wherein

the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32,

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum inthe refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentB″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates(−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates(0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines.

With this refrigeration cycle apparatus, a refrigerant having suchperformance that the refrigerant has a sufficiently low GWP and acoefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to that of R410A is used,and damage to the connection pipe can be reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an instrument used for a flammabilitytest.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing points A to T and line segments that connectthese points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass %.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is (100−a) mass %.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, and K′, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 92.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 7.1 mass %).

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing points A to C, D′, G, I, J, K′, and W, andline segments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 88.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 11.1 mass %).

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 85.5 mass % (the content of R32 is 14.5 mass %).

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 81.8 mass % (the content of R32 is 18.2 mass %).

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 78.1 mass % (the content of R32 is 21.9 mass %).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 73.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 26.7 mass %).

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 70.7 mass % (the content of R32 is 29.3 mass %).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 63.3 mass % (the content of R32 is 36.7 mass %).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 55.9 mass % (the content of R32 is 44.1 mass %).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing points A, B, G, I, J, K′, and W, and linesegments that connect these points to each other in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 52.2 mass % (the content of R32 is 47.8 mass %).

FIG. 14 is a view showing points A to C, E, G, and I to W; and linesegments that connect points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass %.

FIG. 15 is a view showing points A to U; and line segments that connectthe

points in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R32 is 100 mass %.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuitaccording to a first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of arefrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuitaccording to a second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of arefrigeration cycle apparatus according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuitaccording to a third embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic control block configuration diagram of arefrigeration cycle apparatus according to the third embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS (1) Definition of Terms

In the present specification, the term “refrigerant” includes at leastcompounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization forStandardization), and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAEnumber) representing the type of refrigerant with “R” at the beginning;and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent tothose of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yetgiven. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds andnon-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds.Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC),hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270),butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717),and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase “composition comprising arefrigerant” at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including amixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises othercomponents and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil toobtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a workingfluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In thepresent specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2)is referred to as a “refrigerant composition” so as to distinguish itfrom a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants).Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referredto as a “refrigeration oil-containing working fluid” so as todistinguish it from the “refrigerant composition.”

In the present specification, when the term “alternative” is used in acontext in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the secondrefrigerant, the first type of “alternative” means that equipmentdesigned for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated usingthe second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changesof only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil,gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipmentadjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the sameequipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments ofthis type of “alternative” include “drop-in alternative,” “nearlydrop-in alternative,” and “retrofit,” in the order in which the extentof changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerantwith the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term “alternative” also includes a second type of “alternative,”which means that equipment designed for operation using the secondrefrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with thefirst refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type ofalternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternativerefrigerant.

In the present specification, the term “refrigerating machine” refers tomachines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make itstemperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain alow temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer toconversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, andthat perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where thetemperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In the present specification, a refrigerant having a “WCF lowerflammability” means that the most flammable composition (worst case offormulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s orless according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Further, in thepresent specification, a refrigerant having “ASHRAE lower flammability”means that the burning velocity of WCF is 10 cm/s or less, that the mostflammable fraction composition (worst case of fractionation forflammability: WCFF), which is specified by performing a leakage testduring storage, shipping, or use based on ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF,has a burning velocity of 10 cm/s or less, and that flammabilityclassification according to the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013 isdetermined to classified as be “Class 2L.”

In the present specification, a refrigerant having an “RCL of x % ormore” means that the refrigerant has a refrigerant concentration limit(RCL), calculated in accordance with the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard34-2013, of x % or more. RCL refers to a concentration limit in the airin consideration of safety factors. RCL is an index for reducing therisk of acute toxicity, suffocation, and flammability in a closed spacewhere humans are present. RCL is determined in accordance with theASHRAE Standard. More specifically, RCL is the lowest concentrationamong the acute toxicity exposure limit (ATEL), the oxygen deprivationlimit (ODL), and the flammable concentration limit (FCL), which arerespectively calculated in accordance with sections 7.1.1, 7.1.2, and7.1.3 of the ASHRAE Standard.

In the present specification, temperature glide refers to an absolutevalue of the difference between the initial temperature and the endtemperature in the phase change process of a composition containing therefrigerant of the present disclosure in the heat exchanger of arefrigerant system.

(2) Refrigerant

(2-1) Refrigerant Component

Any one of various refrigerants such as refrigerant A, refrigerant B,refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E, details of theserefrigerant are to be mentioned later, can be used as the refrigerant.

(2-2) Use of Refrigerant

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure can be preferablyused as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine.

The composition according to the present disclosure is suitable for useas an alternative refrigerant for HFC refrigerant such as R410A, R407Cand R404 etc, or HCFC refrigerant such as R22 etc.

(3) Refrigerant Composition

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosurecomprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure,and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according tothe present disclosure can be further mixed with at least arefrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigeratingmachine.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure furthercomprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerantaccording to the present disclosure. The refrigerant compositionaccording to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of thefollowing other components, if necessary. As described above, when therefrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as aworking fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as amixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferablethat the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosuredoes not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, inthe refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, thecontent of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerantcomposition is preferably 0 to 1 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 0.1mass %.

(3-1) Water

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycontain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerantcomposition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entirerefrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerantcomposition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturatedfluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makesit less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will beoxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

(3-2) Tracer

A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to thepresent disclosure at a detectable concentration such that when therefrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergoneother changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonlyused tracers. Preferably, a compound that cannot be an impurityinevitably mixed in the refrigerant of the present disclosure isselected as the tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons,hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons,fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons,perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinatedcompounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N20). Thetracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, ahydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, ahydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

The following compounds are preferable as the tracer.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF₄)

HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF₃)

HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH₃Cl)

HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF₃CHF₂)

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF₃CH₂F)

HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF₂CHF₂)

HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF₃CH₃)

HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF₂CH₂F)

HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF₂CH₃)

HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH₂FCH₂F)

HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH₃CH₂F)

HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CHF₂)

HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CH₂CF₃)

HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCHF₂)

HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF₃CHFCF₃)

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF₂)

HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH₂ClF)

CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF₂═CClF)

HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCHF₂)

HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂F)

HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF₃OCH₃)

HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCHFCF₃)

HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF₃OCH₂CF₃)

The tracer compound may be present in the refrigerant composition at atotal concentration of about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 1000ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound is present in the refrigerantcomposition at a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm,and most preferably, the tracer compound is present at a totalconcentration of about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm.

(3-3) Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or moreultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitablyselected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide,coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene,naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultravioletfluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide orcoumarin, or both.

(3-4) Stabilizer

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected fromcommonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such asnitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such asnitro benzene and nitro styrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine anddiphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene andbenzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content ofthe stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass %, and more preferably 0.05to 2 mass %, based on the entire refrigerant.

(3-5) Polymerization Inhibitor

The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure maycomprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or morepolymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitablyselected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol,hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally,the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5 mass%, and more preferably 0.05 to 2 mass %, based on the entirerefrigerant.

(4) Refrigeration Oil-Containing Working Fluid

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant compositionaccording to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use asa working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, therefrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in acompressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or therefrigerant composition. The refrigeration oil-containing working fluidgenerally comprises 10 to 50 mass % of refrigeration oil.

(4-1) Refrigeration Oil

The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected fromcommonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils thatare superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with themixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitablyselected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, atleast one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkyleneglycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to thebase oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from thegroup consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acidscavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oilagents, and antifoaming agents.

A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40° C.is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive.Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

(4-2) Compatibilizing Agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the presentdisclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or morecompatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selectedfrom commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycolethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, arylethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizingagent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

(5) Various Refrigerants

Hereinafter, the refrigerants A to E, which are the refrigerants used inthe present embodiment, will be described in detail.

In addition, each description of the following refrigerant A,refrigerant B, refrigerant C, refrigerant D, and refrigerant E is eachindependent. The alphabet which shows a point or a line segment, thenumber of an Examples, and the number of a comparative examples are allindependent of each other among the refrigerant A, the refrigerant B,the refrigerant C, the refrigerant D, and the refrigerant E. Forexample, the first embodiment of the refrigerant A and the firstembodiment of the refrigerant B are different embodiment from eachother.

(5-1) Refrigerant A

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene(R1234yf).

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e.,a refrigerating capacity and a coefficient of performance that areequivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is a compositioncomprising HFO-1132(E) and R1234yf, and optionally further comprisingHFO-1123, and may further satisfy the following requirements. Thisrefrigerant also has various properties desirable as an alternativerefrigerant for R410A; i.e., it has a refrigerating capacity and acoefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and asufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant A is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OAthat connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line CO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to thatof R410A.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on theirsum in the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably arefrigerant wherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagramin which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % arewithin a figure surrounded by line segments GI, IA, AA′, A′B, BD, DC′,C′C, and CG that connect the following 8 points:

point G (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCG);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments GI, IA, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A accordingto the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative tothat of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant A has a WCF lowerflammability according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCF composition has aburning velocity of 10 cm/s or less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerantwherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in whichthe sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PN, NK, KA′, A′B,BD, DC′, C′C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point N (68.6, 16.3, 15.1),

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCJ);

the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91),

the line segment KA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant A accordingto the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative tothat of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant exhibits a lowerflammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard (the WCFcomposition and the WCFF composition have a burning velocity of 10 cm/sor less).

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant according to the present disclosure is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerantwherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in whichthe sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments JP, PL, LM, MA′, A′B,BD, DC′, C′ C, and CJ that connect the following 9 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0), and

point (32.9, 67.1, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCJ);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments JP, LM, BD, and CG are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to thatof R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more.

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumin the refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, the refrigerant is preferably a refrigerantwherein coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in whichthe sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL, LM, MA′, A′B, BF,FT, and TP that connect the following 7 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentBF);

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments PL,LQ, QR, and RP that connect the following 4 points:

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0),

point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6), and

point R (49.8, 42.3, 7.9),

or on the above line segments;

the line segment PL is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

the line segment RP is represented by coordinates (x,0.00672x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.00672x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments LQ and QR are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more, furthermore, the refrigerant has acondensation temperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments SM,MA′, A′B, BF, FT, and TS that connect the following 6 points:

point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1),

point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5),

point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2), and

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

or on the above line segments,

the line segment MA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2),

the line segment TS is represented by coordinates (x,−0.0017x²−0.7869x+70.888, −0.0017x²−0.2131x+29.112), and

the line segments SM and BF are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, a COP of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and an RCL of 40 g/m³ or more furthermore, the refrigerant has adischarge pressure of 105% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary compositiondiagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segments Od,dg, gh, and hO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point o (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, dg, gh, and hO (excluding the points O andh);

the line segment dg is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates(−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or morerelative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant

wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, based on theirsum is respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments lg, gh, hi, and il that connect the following 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),

point g (18.2, 55.1, 26.7),

point h (56.7, 43.3, 0.0), and

point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0) or

on the line segments lg, gh, and il (excluding the points h and i);

the line segment lg is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line gh is represented by coordinates (−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692,0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments hi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% or morerelative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lowerflammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Od, de, ef, and fO that connect the following 4 points:

point d (87.6, 0.0, 12.4),

point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),

point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Od, de, and ef (excluding the points O and f);

the line segment de is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates(−0.0064z²−1.1565z+65.501, 0.0064z²+0.1565z+34.499, z), and

the line segments fO and Od are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or morerelative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments le, ef, fi, and il that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point l (72.5, 10.2, 17.3),

point e (31.1, 42.9, 26.0),

point f (65.5, 34.5, 0.0), and

point i (72.5, 27.5, 0.0),

or on the line segments le, ef, and il (excluding the points f and i);

the line segment le is represented by coordinates(0.0047y²−1.5177y+87.598, y, −0.0047y²+0.5177y+12.402),

the line segment ef is represented by coordinates(−0.0134z²−1.0825z+56.692, 0.0134z²+0.0825z+43.308, z), and

the line segments fi and il are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 93.5% ormore relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 93.5% or morerelative to that of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lowerflammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments Oa, ab, bc, and cO that connect thefollowing 4 points:

point a (93.4, 0.0, 6.6),

point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8),

point c (77.6, 22.4, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the line segments Oa, ab, and bc (excluding the points O and c);

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates(0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment be is represented by coordinates(−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segments cO and Oa are straight lines.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative tothat of R410A.

The refrigerant A according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z,

coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range ofa figure surrounded by line segments kb, bj, and jk that connect thefollowing 3 points:

point k (72.5, 14.1, 13.4),

point b (55.6, 26.6, 17.8), and

point j (72.5, 23.2, 4.3),

or on the line segments kb, bj, and jk;

the line segment kb is represented by coordinates(0.0052y²−1.5588y+93.385, y, and −0.0052y²+0.5588y+6.615),

the line segment bj is represented by coordinates(−0.0032z²−1.1791z+77.593, 0.0032z²+0.1791z+22.407, z), and

the line segment jk is a straight line.

When the requirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative tothat of R410A; furthermore, the refrigerant has a lower flammability(Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE Standard.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may further compriseother additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurepreferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a totalamount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, andstill more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entirerefrigerant.

The refrigerant according to the present disclosure may compriseHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5 mass % ormore, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entirerefrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widelyselected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant,or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant A)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant A. However, refrigerant A is not limited tothe Examples.

The GWP of R1234yf and a composition consisting of a mixed refrigerantR410A (R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of R410A and compositions eachcomprising a mixture of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Further, the RCL of the mixture was calculated with the LFL ofHFO-1132(E) being 4.7 vol. %, the LFL of HFO-1123 being 10 vol. %, andthe LFL of R1234yf being 6.2 vol. %, in accordance with the ASHRAEStandard 34-2013.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 1 to 34 show these values together with the GWP of each mixedrefrigerant.

TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Example 2 ExampleEx. 4 Item Unit Ex. 1 O A 1 A′ 3 B HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A 100.0 68.649.0 30.6 14.1 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 0.0 14.9 30.0 44.8 58.7 R1234yfmass % 0.0 31.4 36.1 39.4 41.1 41.3 GWP — 2088 1 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio %(relative 100 99.7 100.0 98.6 97.3 96.3 95.5 to 410A) Refrigerating %(relative 100 98.3 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A)Condensation ° C. 0.1 0.00 1.98 3.36 4.46 5.15 5.35 glide Discharge %(relative 100.0 99.3 87.1 88.9 90.6 92.1 93.2 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³— 30.7 37.5 44.0 52.7 64.0 78.6

TABLE 2 Comp. Example Comp. Comp. Example Comp. Ex. 5 Example 5 ExampleEx. 6 Ex. 7 7 Ex. 8 Item Unit C 4 C′ 6 D E E′ F HFO-1132(E) mass % 32.926.6 19.5 10.9 0.0 58.0 23.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 67.1 68.4 70.5 74.180.4 42.0 48.5 61.8 R1234yf mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 19.6 0.0 28.1 38.2GWP — 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.595.0 95.0 95.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.4 105.2 102.9100.5 97.9 105.0 92.5 86.9 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C.0.16 0.52 0.94 1.42 1.90 0.42 3.16 4.80 glide Discharge % (relative119.5 117.4 115.3 113.0 115.9 112.7 101.0 95.8 pressure to 410A) RCLg/m³ 53.5 57.1 62.0 69.1 81.3 41.9 46.3 79.0

TABLE 3 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Ex. 9 8 9 10 11 12Item Unit J P L N N′ K HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.0 61.3HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3 7.7 5.4 R1234yf mass % 0.0 2.2 5.015.1 27.3 33.3 GWP — 1 1 1 1 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 93.8 95.0 96.197.9 99.1 99.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 106.2 104.1 101.6 95.088.2 85.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.31 0.57 0.81 1.412.11 2.51 glide Discharge % (relative 115.8 111.9 107.8 99.0 91.2 87.7pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 46.2 42.6 40.0 38.0 38.7 39.7

TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 13 14 1516 17 18 19 Item Unit L M Q R S S′ T HFO-1132(E) mass % 63.1 60.3 62.849.8 62.6 50.0 35.8 HFO-1123 mass % 31.9 6.2 29.6 42.3 28.3 35.8 44.9R1234yf mass % 5.0 33.5 7.6 7.9 9.1 14.2 19.3 GWP — 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 COPratio % (relative 96.1 99.4 96.4 95.0 96.6 95.8 95.0 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 101.6 85.0 100.2 101.7 99.4 98.1 96.7 capacityratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.81 2.58 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.55 2.07glide Discharge % (relative 107.8 87.9 106.0 109.6 105.0 105.0 105.0pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 40.0 40.0 40.0 44.8 40.0 44.4 50.8

TABLE 5 Comp. Exam- Exam- Ex. 10 ple 20 ple 21 Item Unit G H IHFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 14.0 0.0 R1234yfmass % 0.0 14.0 28.0 GWP — 1 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 410A) 96.698.2 99.9 Refrigerating % (relative to 410A) 103.1 95.1 86.6 capacityratio Condensation ° C. 0.46 1.27 1.71 glide Discharge % (relative to410A) 108.4 98.7 88.6 pressure RCL g/m³ 37.4 37.0 36.6

TABLE 6 Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Comp. ItemUnit Ex. 11 Ex. 12 22 23 24 25 26 Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.030.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.035.0 25.0 15.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP — 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 91.4 92.0 92.8 93.7 94.7 95.8 96.998.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.7 105.5 105.0 104.3 103.3102.0 100.6 99.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.40 0.460.55 0.66 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.67 glide Discharge % (relative 120.1 118.7116.7 114.3 111.6 108.7 105.6 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 71.0 61.954.9 49.3 44.8 41.0 37.8 35.1

TABLE 7 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Example Comp. ItemUnit Ex. 14 27 28 29 30 31 32 Ex. 15 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.040.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.020.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP — 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 91.9 92.5 93.3 94.3 95.3 96.4 97.598.6 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 103.2 102.9 102.4 101.5 100.599.2 97.8 96.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.87 0.94 1.031.12 1.18 1.18 1.09 0.88 glide Discharge % (relative 116.7 115.2 113.2110.8 108.1 105.2 102.1 99.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 70.5 61.6 54.649.1 44.6 40.8 37.7 35.0

TABLE 8 Comp. Example Example Example Example Example Example Comp. ItemUnit Ex. 16 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ex. 17 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.040.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.015.0 5.0 R1234yf mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP — 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 92.4 93.1 93.9 94.8 95.9 97.0 98.199.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.5 100.2 99.6 98.7 97.7 96.494.9 93.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.621.63 1.55 1.37 1.05 glide Discharge % (relative 113.1 111.6 109.6 107.2104.5 101.6 98.6 95.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 70.0 61.2 54.4 48.944.4 40.7 37.5 34.8

TABLE 9 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ItemUnit 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yfmass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio% (relative 93.0 93.7 94.5 95.5 96.5 97.6 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating %(relative 97.7 97.4 96.8 95.9 94.7 93.4 91.9 capacity ratio to 410A)Condensation ° C. 2.03 2.09 2.13 2.14 2.07 1.91 1.61 glide Discharge %(relative 109.4 107.9 105.9 103.5 100.8 98.0 95.0 pressure to 410A) RCLg/m³ 69.6 60.9 54.1 48.7 44.2 40.5 37.4

TABLE 10 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ItemUnit 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 R1234yf mass% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio %(relative 93.6 94.3 95.2 96.1 97.2 98.2 99.3 to 410A) Refrigerating %(relative 94.8 94.5 93.8 92.9 91.8 90.4 88.8 capacity ratio to 410A)Condensation ° C. 2.71 2.74 2.73 2.66 2.50 2.22 1.78 glide Discharge %(relative 105.5 104.0 102.1 99.7 97.1 94.3 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCLg/m³ 69.1 60.5 53.8 48.4 44.0 40.4 37.3

TABLE 11 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Item Unit ple 53 ple 54 ple55 ple 56 ple 57 ple 58 HFO- mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.01132(E) HFO- mass % 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 1123 R1234yf mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP % 94.3 95.0 95.996.8 97.8 98.9 ratio (relative to 410A) Refrig- % 91.9 91.5 90.8 89.988.7 87.3 erating (relative capacity to ratio 410A) Conden- ° C. 3.463.43 3.35 3.18 2.90 2.47 sation glide Dis- % 101.6 100.1 98.2 95.9 93.390.6 charge (relative pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 68.7 60.2 53.5 48.243.9 40.2

TABLE 12 Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Comp. Item Unit ple 59 ple 60 ple61 ple 62 ple 63 Ex. 18 HFO- mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.01132(E) HFO- mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 1123 R1234yf mass %35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP % 95.0 95.8 96.697.5 98.5 99.6 ratio (relative to 410A) Refrig- % 88.9 88.5 87.8 86.885.6 84.1 erating (relative capacity to ratio 410A) Conden- ° C. 4.244.15 3.96 3.67 3.24 2.64 sation glide Dis- % 97.6 96.1 94.2 92.0 89.586.8 charge (relative pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 68.2 59.8 53.2 48.043.7 40.1

TABLE 13 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit Example 64 Example 6519 20 21 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass %50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R1234yf mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 22 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.6 97.4 98.3 99.2 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 85.8 85.4 84.7 83.6 82.4 capacity ratio to410A) Condensation ° C. 5.05 4.85 4.55 4.10 3.50 glide Discharge %(relative 93.5 92.1 90.3 88.1 85.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 67.8 59.553.0 47.8 43.5

TABLE 14 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.0 58.0 62.052.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 41.0 39.0 37.0 33.0 41.0 39.0 37.035.0 R1234yf mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 GWP — 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 COP ratio % (relative 95.1 95.3 95.6 96.0 95.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A)Refrigerating % (relative 102.8 102.6 102.3 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.5101.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.930.94 0.95 0.95 glide Discharge % (relative 110.5 109.9 109.3 108.1 109.7109.1 108.5 107.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 43.2 42.4 41.7 40.3 43.943.1 42.4 41.6

TABLE 15 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 HFO-1132(E) mass % 60.0 62.0 61.0 58.060.0 62.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 33.0 31.0 29.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 34.032.0 R1234yf mass % 7.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 GWP — 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.5 96.4 96.6 96.8 96.0 96.2 to410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.9 100.7 99.1 98.4 98.1 97.8 98.097.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 0.95 0.95 1.18 1.34 1.331.32 1.53 1.53 glide Discharge % (relative 107.3 106.7 104.9 104.4 103.8103.2 104.7 104.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 40.9 40.3 40.5 41.5 40.840.1 43.6 42.9

TABLE 16 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.0 60.0 48.050.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 HFO-1123 mass % 30.0 28.0 26.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.028.0 R1234yf mass % 14.0 14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 GWP — 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.6 96.9 95.8 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.7to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 97.5 97.2 96.9 97.3 97.1 96.8 96.696.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.51 1.50 1.48 1.72 1.721.71 1.69 1.67 glide Discharge % (relative 103.5 102.9 102.3 104.3 103.8103.2 102.7 102.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 42.1 41.4 40.7 45.2 44.443.6 42.8 42.1

TABLE 17 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 HFO-1132(E) mass % 58.0 60.0 42.0 44.046.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.030.0 R1234yf mass % 16.0 16.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 GWP — 1 1 22 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.9 97.1 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.0 96.3 96.5to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 96.1 95.8 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 95.995.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.65 1.63 1.93 1.92 1.921.91 1.89 1.88 glide Discharge % (relative 101.5 100.9 104.5 103.9 103.4102.9 102.3 101.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.4 40.7 47.8 46.9 46.045.1 44.3 43.5

TABLE 18 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.058.0 60.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 44.042.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.7 96.9 97.1 97.3 95.195.3 95.7 95.9 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.4 95.2 94.9 94.696.3 96.1 95.7 95.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 1.86 1.831.80 1.77 2.14 2.14 2.13 2.12 glide Discharge % (relative 101.2 100.6100.0 99.5 104.5 104.0 103.0 102.5 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 42.7 42.041.3 40.6 50.7 49.7 47.7 46.8

TABLE 19 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.052.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 34.0 36.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 28.0 26.0 24.022.0 44.0 42.0 R1234yf mass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.3 96.7 96.9 97.297.4 95.1 95.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 95.2 95.0 94.5 94.294.0 93.7 95.3 95.1 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.11 2.092.05 2.02 1.99 1.95 2.37 2.36 glide Discharge % (relative 101.9 101.4100.3 99.7 99.2 98.6 103.4 103.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 45.9 45.043.4 42.7 41.9 41.2 51.7 50.6

TABLE 20 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.042.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.030.0 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 95.5 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.496.6 96.8 97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 94.9 94.7 94.5 94.394.0 93.8 93.6 93.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.36 2.352.33 2.32 2.30 2.27 2.25 2.21 glide Discharge % (relative 102.5 102.0101.5 101.0 100.4 99.9 99.4 98.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 49.6 48.647.6 46.7 45.8 45.0 44.1 43.4

TABLE 21 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 HFO-1132(E) mass % 54.0 56.058.0 60.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 44.042.0 40.0 38.0 R1234yf mass % 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.9 95.295.4 95.6 95.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.0 92.8 92.5 92.294.3 94.1 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.18 2.142.09 2.04 2.61 2.60 2.59 2.58 glide Discharge % (relative 98.2 97.7 97.196.5 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.0 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 42.6 41.9 41.240.5 52.7 51.6 50.5 49.5

Table 22 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.044.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.026.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.0 96.2 96.4 96.6 96.897.0 97.2 97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.5 93.3 93.1 92.892.6 92.4 92.1 91.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.56 2.542.51 2.49 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 glide Discharge % (relative 100.5 100.099.5 98.9 98.4 97.9 97.3 96.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 48.5 47.5 46.645.7 44.9 44.1 43.3 42.5

TABLE 23 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.060.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 44.0 42.040.0 38.0 36.0 R1234yf mass % 24.0 24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 95.3 95.595.7 95.9 96.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.6 91.3 91.0 93.293.1 92.9 92.7 92.5 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.28 2.222.16 2.86 2.85 2.83 2.81 2.79 glide Discharge % (relative 96.2 95.6 95.1101.3 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.8 41.1 40.453.7 52.6 51.5 50.4 49.4

TABLE 24 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.044.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.024.0 22.0 20.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.197.3 97.5 97.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 92.3 92.1 91.9 91.691.4 91.2 90.9 90.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.77 2.742.71 2.67 2.63 2.59 2.53 2.48 glide Discharge % (relative 99.0 98.5 97.997.4 96.9 96.4 95.8 95.3 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 48.4 47.4 46.5 45.744.8 44.0 43.2 42.5

TABLE 25 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.060.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 HFO-1123 mass % 18.0 16.0 14.0 42.0 40.038.0 36.0 34.0 R1234yf mass % 26.0 26.0 26.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.9 98.2 98.4 95.6 95.896.0 96.2 96.3 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 90.3 90.1 89.8 92.191.9 91.7 91.5 91.3 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.42 2.352.27 3.10 3.09 3.06 3.04 3.01 glide Discharge % (relative 94.7 94.1 93.699.7 99.3 98.8 98.4 97.9 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.7 41.0 40.3 53.652.5 51.4 50.3 49.3

TABLE 26 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 42.044.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 HFO-1123 mass % 32.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.022.0 20.0 18.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.7 96.9 97.2 97.497.6 97.8 98.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.7 90.490.2 89.9 89.7 89.4 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.98 2.942.90 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.68 2.62 glide Discharge % (relative 97.4 96.9 96.495.9 95.4 94.9 94.3 93.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 48.3 47.4 46.4 45.644.7 43.9 43.1 42.4

TABLE 27 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 HFO-1132(E) mass % 56.0 58.060.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 42.0 HFO-1123 mass % 16.0 14.0 12.0 38.0 36.034.0 32.0 28.0 R1234yf mass % 28.0 28.0 28.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.2 98.4 98.6 96.1 96.296.4 96.6 97.0 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.1 88.8 88.5 90.790.5 90.3 90.1 89.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 2.54 2.462.38 3.32 3.30 3.26 3.22 3.14 glide Discharge % (relative 93.2 92.6 92.197.7 97.3 96.8 96.4 95.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 41.7 41.0 40.3 52.451.3 50.2 49.2 47.3

Table 28 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 HFO-1132(E) mass % 44.0 46.048.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 HFO-1123 mass % 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.016.0 14.0 12.0 R1234yf mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.2 97.4 97.6 97.8 98.098.3 98.5 98.7 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.4 89.2 89.0 88.788.4 88.2 87.9 87.6 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.08 3.032.97 2.90 2.83 2.75 2.66 2.57 glide Discharge % (relative 94.9 94.4 93.993.3 92.8 92.3 91.7 91.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 46.4 45.5 44.7 43.943.1 42.3 41.6 40.9

TABLE 29 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.034.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 38.0 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.028.0 26.0 24.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.3 96.5 96.7 96.997.1 97.3 97.5 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 89.6 89.5 89.3 89.188.9 88.7 88.4 88.2 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.60 3.563.52 3.48 3.43 3.38 3.33 3.26 glide Discharge % (relative 96.6 96.2 95.795.3 94.8 94.3 93.9 93.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 53.4 52.3 51.2 50.149.1 48.1 47.2 46.3

TABLE 30 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.050.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 HFO-1123 mass % 22.0 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.012.0 10.0 8.0 R1234yf mass % 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 GWP— 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.3 98.5 98.798.9 99.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.0 87.7 87.5 87.2 86.986.6 86.3 86.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.20 3.12 3.042.96 2.87 2.77 2.66 2.55 glide Discharge % (relative 92.8 92.3 91.8 91.390.7 90.2 89.6 89.1 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 45.4 44.6 43.8 43.0 42.341.5 40.8 40.2

TABLE 31 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 32.034.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 HFO-1123 mass % 36.0 34.0 32.0 30.0 28.026.0 24.0 22.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 96.5 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.297.4 97.6 97.8 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 88.4 88.2 88.0 87.887.6 87.4 87.2 87.0 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.84 3.803.75 3.70 3.64 3.58 3.51 3.43 glide Discharge % (relative 95.0 94.6 94.293.7 93.3 92.8 92.3 91.8 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 53.3 52.2 51.1 50.049.0 48.0 47.1 46.2

TABLE 32 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 HFO-1132(E) mass % 46.0 48.050.0 52.0 54.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 HFO-1123 mass % 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.034.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 98.0 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.896.8 96.9 97.1 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.7 86.5 86.2 85.985.6 87.2 87.0 86.8 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.36 3.273.18 3.08 2.97 4.08 4.03 3.97 glide Discharge % (relative 91.3 90.8 90.389.7 89.2 93.4 93.0 92.6 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 45.3 44.5 43.7 42.942.2 53.2 52.1 51.0

TABLE 33 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleItem Unit 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 HFO-1132(E) mass % 36.0 38.040.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 30.0 32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 24.0 22.0 20.018.0 32.0 30.0 R1234yf mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 38.0 38.0GWP — 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.198.3 97.1 97.2 to 410A) Refrigerating % (relative 86.6 86.4 86.2 85.985.7 85.5 85.9 85.7 capacity ratio to 410A) Condensation ° C. 3.91 3.843.76 3.68 3.60 3.50 4.32 4.25 glide Discharge % (relative 92.1 91.7 91.290.7 90.3 89.8 91.9 91.4 pressure to 410A) RCL g/m³ 49.9 48.9 47.9 47.046.1 45.3 53.1 52.0

TABLE 34 Item Unit Example 226 Example 227 HFO-1132(E) mass % 34.0 36.0HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 26.0 R1234yf mass % 38.0 38.0 GWP — 2 2 COP ratio %(relative to 410A) 97.4 97.6 Refrigerating % (relative to 410A) 85.685.3 capacity ratio Condensation ° C. 4.18 4.11 glide Discharge %(relative to 410A) 91.0 90.6 pressure RCL g/m³ 50.9 49.8

These results indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments AA′, A′B, BD, DC′, C′C, CO, and OA that connect thefollowing 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′(30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point D (0.0, 80.4, 19.6),

point C′ (19.5, 70.5, 10.0),

point C (32.9, 67.1, 0.0), and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentCO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3,

the line segment DC′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0082x²−0.6671x+80.4, −0.0082x²−0.3329x+19.6),

the line segment C′C is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.6034x+79.729, −0.0067x²−0.3966x+20.271), and

the line segments BD, CO, and OA are straight lines,

the refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or morerelative to that of R410A, and a COP of 92.5% or more relative to thatof R410A.

The point on the line segment AA′ was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point A, Example 1, and point A′ by theleast square method.

The point on the line segment A′B was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point A′, Example 3, and point B by theleast square method.

The point on the line segment DC′ was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point D, Example 6, and point C′ by theleast square method.

The point on the line segment C′C was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting point C′, Example 4, and point C by theleast square method.

Likewise, the results indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are withinthe range of a figure surrounded by line segments AA′, A′B, BF, FT, TE,EO, and OA that connect the following 7 points:

point A (68.6, 0.0, 31.4),

point A′ (30.6, 30.0, 39.4),

point B (0.0, 58.7, 41.3),

point F (0.0, 61.8, 38.2),

point T (35.8, 44.9, 19.3),

point E (58.0, 42.0, 0.0) and

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the above line segments (excluding the points on the line EO);

the line segment AA′ is represented by coordinates (x,0.0016x²−0.9473x+57.497, −0.0016x²−0.0527x+42.503),

the line segment A′B is represented by coordinates (x,0.0029x²−1.0268x+58.7, −0.0029x²+0.0268x+41.3),

the line segment FT is represented by coordinates (x,0.0078x²−0.7501x+61.8, −0.0078x²−0.2499x+38.2), and

the line segment TE is represented by coordinates (x,0.0067x²−0.7607x+63.525, −0.0067x²−0.2393x+36.475), and

the line segments BF, FO, and OA are straight lines, the refrigerant hasa refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A,and a COP of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The point on the line segment FT was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points T, E′, and F, bythe least square method.

The point on the line segment TE was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points E, R, and T, bythe least square method.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternarycomposition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf in which the sum of these components is 100 mass %, a linesegment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0,100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, andthe point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates(x,y,z) are on or below the line segment LM connecting point L (63.1,31.9, 5.0) and point M (60.3, 6.2, 33.5), the refrigerant has an RCL of40 g/m³ or more.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternarycomposition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connectinga point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, thepoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the linesegment QR connecting point Q (62.8, 29.6, 7.6) and point R (49.8, 42.3,7.9) or on the left side of the line segment, the refrigerant has atemperature glide of 1° C. or less.

The results in Tables 1 to 34 clearly indicate that in a ternarycomposition diagram of the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R1234yf in which their sum is 100 mass %, a line segment connectinga point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, thepoint (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0,100.0) is on the right side, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the linesegment ST connecting point S (62.6, 28.3, 9.1) and point T (35.8, 44.9,19.3) or on the right side of the line segment, the refrigerant has adischarge pressure of 105% or less relative to that of 410A.

In these compositions, R1234yf contributes to reducing flammability, andsuppressing deterioration of polymerization etc. Therefore, thecomposition preferably contains R1234yf.

Further, the burning velocity of these mixed refrigerants whose mixedformulations were adjusted to WCF concentrations was measured accordingto the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Compositions having a burningvelocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 901 refers to asample cell, 902 refers to a high-speed camera, 903 refers to a xenonlamp, 904 refers to a collimating lens, 905 refers to a collimatinglens, and 906 refers to a ring filter. First, the mixed refrigerantsused had a purity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating acycle of freezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air wereobserved on the vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by theclosed method. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignitionwas performed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes inthe center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to9.9 ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. Thespread of the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. Acylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equippedwith two light transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell,and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of theflame were recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rateof 600 fps and stored on a PC.

Each WCFF concentration was obtained by using the WCF concentration asthe initial concentration and performing a leak simulation using NISTStandard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0.

Tables 35 and 36 show the results.

TABLE 35 Item Unit G H I WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 HFO-1123mass % 28.0 9.6 0.0 R1234yf mass % 0.0 18.4 28.0 Burning velocity (WCF)cm/s 10 10 10

TABLE 36 Item Unit J P L N N′ K WCF HFO- mass % 47.1 55.8 63.1 68.6 65.061.3 1132 (E) HFO- mass % 52.9 42.0 31.9 16.3  7.7  5.4 1123 R1234yfmass %  0.0  2.2  5.0 15.1 27.3 33.3 Leak condition Storage/ Storage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ that results Shipping ShippingShipping Shipping Shipping Shipping, in WCFF −40° C., −40° C., −40° C.,−40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 92% 90% 90% 66% 12% 0% release, release,release, release, release, release, liquid liquid gas gas gas gas phasephase phase phase phase phase side side side side side side WCFF HFO-mass % 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 1132 (E) HFO- mass % 28.0 17.8 17.413.6 12.3  9.8 1123 R1234yf mass %  0.0 10.2 10.6 14.4 15.7 18.2 Burningcm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less  9  9 8 or less velocity (WCF)Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCFF)

The results in Table 35 clearly indicate that when a mixed refrigerantof HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf contains HFO-1132(E) in aproportion of 72.0 mass % or less based on their sum, the refrigerantcan be determined to have a WCF lower flammability.

The results in Tables 36 clearly indicate that in a ternary compositiondiagram of a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf inwhich their sum is 100 mass %, and a line segment connecting a point(0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, whencoordinates (x,y,z) are on or below the line segments JP, PN, and NKconnecting the following 6 points:

point J (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (55.8, 42.0, 2.2),

point L (63.1, 31.9, 5.0)

point N′ (65.0, 7.7, 27.3) and

point K (61.3, 5.4, 33.3),

the refrigerant can be determined to have a WCF lower flammability, anda WCFF lower flammability.

In the diagram, the line segment PN is represented by coordinates (x,−0.1135x²+12.112x−280.43, 0.1135x²−13.112x+380.43),

and the line segment NK is represented by coordinates (x,0.2421x²−29.955x+931.91, −0.2421x²+28.955x−831.91).

The point on the line segment PN was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points P, L, and N, bythe least square method.

The point on the line segment NK was determined by obtaining anapproximate curve connecting three points, i.e., points N, N′, and K, bythe least square method.

(5-2) Refrigerant B

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is

a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E))and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123) in a total amount of 99.5 mass % ormore based on the entire refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprising62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % or 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E)based on the entire refrigerant, or

a mixed refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a totalamount of 99.5 mass % or more based on the entire refrigerant, and therefrigerant comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % of HFO-1132(E) basedon the entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e.,(1) a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A, (2) arefrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, (3) a sufficientlylow GWP, and (4) a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAEstandard.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising 72.0 mass % or less of HFO-1132(E), it has WCFlower flammability. When the refrigerant B according to the presentdisclosure is a composition comprising 47.1% or less of HFO-1132(E), ithas WCF lower flammability and WCFF lower flammability, and isdetermined to be “Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerantaccording to the ASHRAE standard, and which is further easier to handle.

When the refrigerant B according to the present disclosure comprises62.0 mass % or more of HFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with acoefficient of performance of 95% or more relative to that of R410A, thepolymerization reaction of HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is furthersuppressed, and the stability is further improved. When the refrigerantB according to the present disclosure comprises 45.1 mass % or more ofHFO-1132(E), it becomes superior with a coefficient of performance of93% or more relative to that of R410A, the polymerization reaction ofHFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1123 is further suppressed, and the stability isfurther improved.

The refrigerant B according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E) andHFO-1123, as long as the above properties and effects are not impaired.In this respect, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurepreferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 in a total amount of 99.75mass % or more, and more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on theentire refrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from awide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a singleadditional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant B)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant B. However, the refrigerant B is not limitedto the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 atmass % based on their sum shown in Tables 37 and 38.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions eachcomprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulationwas performed using NIST Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, andRecharge according to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammablefraction was defined as WCFF.

Tables 1 and 2 show GWP, COP, and refrigerating capacity, which werecalculated based on these results. The COP and refrigerating capacityare ratios relative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the followingformula.COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to theANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burningvelocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be “Class 2L (lowerflammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC.

TABLE 37 Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- ative ative ative Exam- Exam-Exam- Exam- Exam- ative Exam- Exam- Exam- ple ple ple ple ple Exam- ItemUnit ple 1 ple 2 ple 3 1 2 3 4 5 ple 4 FIFO-1132E R410A HFO- 1132EHFO-1132E mass % — 100 80 72 70 68 65 62 60 (WCF) HFO-1123 mass % 0 2028 30 32 35 38 40 (WCF) GWP — 2088 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COP ratio % 100 99.797.5 96.6 96.3 96.1 95.8 95.4 95.2 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating %100 98.3 101.9 103.1 103.4 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.8 capacity (relativeratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 2.73 2.71 2.89 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.043.06 pressure Burning cm/sec Non- 20 13 10 9 9 8 8 or 8 or velocityflammable less less (WCF)

TABLE 38 Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- Compar- ative ativeative Exam- Exam- Exam- ative ative ative Exam- Exam- Exam- ple ple pleExam- Exam- Exam- ple 10 Item Unit ple 5 ple 6 7 8 9 ple 7 ple 8 ple 9HFO-1123 HFO- mass % 50 48 47.1 46.1 45.1 43 40 25 0 1132E (WCF)HFO-1123 mass % 50 52 52.9 53.9 54.9 57 60 75 100 (WCF) GWP — 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 COP ratio % 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.7 93.6 93.4 93.1 91.9 90.6(relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.3 106.4 106.6106.9 107.9 108.0 capacity (relative ratio to R410A) Discharge Mpa 3.143.16 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.20 3.21 3.31 3.39 pressure Leakage test Storage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ —conditions (WCFF) Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping ShippingShipping Shipping −40° C. −40° C. −40° C. −40° C. −40° C. −40° C. −40°C. −40° C. 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 90% release, release, release,release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquid liquid liquidliquid liquid liquid liquid phase phase phase phase phase phase phasephase side side side side side side side side HFO-1132E mass % 74 73 7271 70 67 63 38 — (WCFF) HFO-1123 mass % 26 27 28 29 30 33 37 62 (WCFF)Burning cm/sec 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 orless 8 or less 8 or less 5 velocity (WCF) Burning cm/sec 11 10.5 10.09.5 9.5 8.5 8 or less 8 or less velocity (WCFF) ASHRAE flammability 2 22L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L 2L classification

The compositions each comprising 62.0 mass % to 72.0 mass % ofHFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having alow GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCF lower flammability. Further,surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.Moreover, compositions each comprising 45.1 mass % to 47.1 mass % ofHFO-1132(E) based on the entire composition are stable while having alow GWP (GWP=1), and they ensure WCFF lower flammability. Further,surprisingly, they can ensure performance equivalent to that of R410A.

(5-3) Refrigerant C

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is a compositioncomprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene(HFO-1123), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and difluoromethane(R32), and satisfies the following requirements. The refrigerant Caccording to the present disclosure has various properties that aredesirable as an alternative refrigerant for R410A; i.e. it has acoefficient of performance and a refrigerating capacity that areequivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP.

Requirements

Preferable refrigerant C is as follows:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BD′, D′C, and CG that connect the following 6 points:

point G (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0),

point I (0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0),

point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6, 0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI, AB, and D′C (excluding point G, point I,point A, point B, point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0),

point I (0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895),

point A (0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0),

point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727, 0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273),

point A (0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014, 0.0),

point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines GI, IA,AB, BW, and WG that connect the following 5 points:

point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098, 0.0),

point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines GI and AB (excluding point G, point I, point A,point B, and point W). When the refrigerant according to the presentdisclosure satisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigeratingcapacity ratio of 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratioof 92.5% or more relative to that of R410A, and further ensures a WCFlower flammability.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf based on their sumis respectively represented by x, y, and z,

if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BD′, D′C, and CJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1, −0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7, −0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9,−0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4),

point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7, −0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3),

point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4, −0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6), and

point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9, 0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′B, and D′C (excluding point J, point B,point D′, and point C);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177),

point B (0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′B,BW, and WJ that connect the following 4 points:

point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184, −0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0),

point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515, −0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702,−0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783),

point B (0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′ and K′B (excluding point J, point B, andpoint W);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0),

point K′ (−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05),

point A (0.0103a²−1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207),

point B (0.0, 0.0046a²−1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JK′, K′A,AB, BW, and WJ that connect the following 5 points:

point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0),

point K′ (−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557),

point A (0.0085a²−1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9),

point B (0.0, 0.0012a²−1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05) and

point W (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0),

or on the straight lines JK′, K′A, and AB (excluding point J, point B,and point W). When the refrigerant according to the present disclosuresatisfies the above requirements, it has a refrigerating capacity ratioof 85% or more relative to that of R410A, and a COP ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to that of R410A. Additionally, the refrigerant has a WCFlower flammability and a WCFF lower flammability, and is classified as“Class 2L,” which is a lower flammable refrigerant according to theASHRAE standard.

When the refrigerant C according to the present disclosure furthercontains R32 in addition to HFO-1132 (E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf, therefrigerant may be a refrigerant wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, z, and a,

if 0<a≤10.0, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram inwhich the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass %are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines thatconnect the following 4 points:

point a (0.02a²−2.46a+93.4, 0, −0.02a²+2.46a+6.6),

point b′ (−0.008a²−1.38a+56, 0.018a²−0.53a+26.3, −0.01a²+1.91a+17.7),

point c (−0.016a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.016a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0)

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and pointc);

if 10.0<a≤16.5, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines thatconnect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0244a²−2.5695a+94.056, 0, −0.0244a²+2.5695a+5.944),

point b′ (0.1161a²−1.9959a+59.749, 0.014a²−0.3399a+24.8,−0.1301a²+2.3358a+15.451),

point c (−0.0161a²+1.02a+77.6, 0.0161a²−1.02a+22.4, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and pointc); or

if 16.5<a≤21.8, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines thatconnect the following 4 points:

point a (0.0161a²−2.3535a+92.742, 0, −0.0161a²+2.3535a+7.258),

point b′ (−0.0435a²−0.0435a+50.406, 0.0304a²+1.8991a−0.0661,0.0739a²−1.8556a+49.6601),

point c (−0.0161a²+0.9959a+77.851, 0.0161a²−0.9959a+22.149, 0), and

point o (100.0−a, 0.0, 0.0),

or on the straight lines oa, ab′, and b′c (excluding point o and pointc). Note that when point b in the ternary composition diagram is definedas a point where a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% relative to thatof R410A and a COP ratio of 95% relative to that of R410A are bothachieved, point b′ is the intersection of straight line ab and anapproximate line formed by connecting the points where the COP ratiorelative to that of R410A is 95%. When the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure meets the above requirements, the refrigerant has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A,and a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that of R410A.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 as long as the above properties and effectsare not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf,and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75mass % or more, and still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based onthe entire refrigerant.

The refrigerant C according to the present disclosure may compriseHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 in a total amount of 99.5 mass %or more, 99.75 mass % or more, or 99.9 mass % or more, based on theentire refrigerant.

Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widelyselected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant,or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant C)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant C. However, the refrigerant C is not limitedto the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,R1234yf, and R32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 39 to 96.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions eachcomprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

For each of these mixed refrigerants, the COP ratio and therefrigerating capacity ratio relative to those of R410 were obtained.Calculation was conducted under the following conditions.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Superheating temperature: 5 K

Subcooling temperature: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 39 to 96 show the resulting values together with the GWP of eachmixed refrigerant. The COP and refrigerating capacity are ratiosrelative to R410A.

The coefficient of performance (COP) was determined by the followingformula.COP=(refrigerating capacity or heating capacity)/power consumption

TABLE 39 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex.4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 1 Item Unit Ex. 1 A B C D′ G I J K′HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A 68.6 0.0 32.9 0.0 72.0 72.0 47.1 61.7 HFO-1123Mass % 0.0 58.7 67.1 75.4 28.0 0.0 52.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 31.4 41.3 0.024.6 0.0 28.0 0.0 32.4 R32 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP —2088 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 COP ratio % (relative to 100 100.0 95.5 92.5 93.196.6 99.9 93.8 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100 85.0 85.0107.4 95.0 103.1 86.6 106.2 85.5 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 40 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 2 Item Unit A B C D′ G I J K′ HFO-1132Mass % 55.3 0.0 18.4 0.0 60.9 60.9 40.5 47.0 (E) HFO-1123 Mass % 0.047.8 74.5 83.4 32.0 0.0 52.4 7.2 R1234yf Mass % 37.6 45.1 0.0 9.5 0.032.0 0.0 38.7 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 4949 49 50 49 50 COP ratio % 99.8 96.9 92.5 92.5 95.9 99.6 94.0 99.2(relative to R410A) Refrigerating % 85.0 85.0 110.5 106.0 106.5 87.7108.9 85.5 capacity ratio (relative to R410A)

TABLE 41 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. 1617 18 19 20 21 Ex. 3 Item Unit A B C = D′ G I J K′ NEO-1132(E) Mass %48.4 0.0 0.0 55.8 55.8 37.0 41.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 42.3 88.9 33.1 0.051.9 6.5 R1234yf Mass % 40.5 46.6 0.0 0.0 33.1 0.0 41.4 R32 Mass % 11.111.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 GWP — 77 77 76 76 77 76 77 COP ratio %99.8 97.6 92.5 95.8 99.5 94.2 99.3 (relative to R410A) Refrigerating %85.0 85.0 112.0 108.0 88.6 110.2 85.4 capacity ratio (relative to R410A)

TABLE 42 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex.26 Ex. 4 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 42.8 0.0 52.1 52.134.3 36.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 37.8 33.4 0.0 51.2 5.6 R1234yf Mass % 42.747.7 0.0 33.4 0.0 43.4 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP —100 100 99 100 99 100 COP ratio % (relative to 99.9 98.1 95.8 99.5 94.499.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 109.1 89.6 111.1 85.3capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 43 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 27 Ex. 28 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Ex.31 Ex. 5 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 37.0 0.0 48.6 48.632.0 32.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 33.1 33.2 0.0 49.8 4.0 R1234yf Mass % 44.848.7 0.0 33.2 0.0 45.3 R32 Mass % 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 GWP —125 125 124 125 124 125 COP ratio % (relative to 100.0 98.6 95.9 99.494.7 99.8 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 110.1 90.8 111.985.2 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 44 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 32 Ex. 33 Ex. 34 Ex. 35 Ex.36 Ex. 6 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 31.5 0.0 45.4 45.430.3 28.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 28.5 32.7 0.0 47.8 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 46.649.6 0.0 32.7 0.0 46.9 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP —150 150 149 150 149 150 COP ratio % (relative to 100.2 99.1 96.0 99.495.1 100.0 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 111.0 92.1112.6 85.1 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 45 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 37 Ex. 38 Ex. 39 Ex. 40Ex. 41 Ex. 42 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 0.0 41.841.8 29.1 24.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 22.9 31.5 0.0 44.2 0.0 R1234yf Mass %48.5 50.4 0.0 31.5 0.0 48.5 R32 Mass % 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 26.7 GWP— 182 182 181 182 181 182 COP ratio % (relative to 100.4 99.8 96.3 99.495.6 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 111.9 93.8113.2 85.0 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 46 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.3 0.0 40.040.0 28.8 24.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 19.9 30.7 0.0 41.9 0.0 R1234yf Mass %49.4 50.8 0.0 30.7 0.0 46.4 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP— 200 200 198 199 198 200 COP ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.1 96.6 99.596.1 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 112.4 94.8113.6 86.7 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 47 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 49 Ex. 50 Ex. 51 Ex. 52Ex. 53 Ex. 54 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 12.1 0.0 35.735.7 29.3 22.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 11.7 27.6 0.0 34.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass %51.2 51.6 0.0 27.6 0.0 40.8 R32 Mass % 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.7 GWP— 250 250 248 249 248 250 COP ratio % (relative to 101.2 101.0 96.4 99.697.0 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 113.2 97.6113.9 90.9 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 48 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 55 Ex. 56 Ex. 57 Ex. 58Ex. 59 Ex. 60 Item Unit A B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 3.8 0.0 32.032.0 29.4 21.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 3.9 23.9 0.0 26.5 0.0 R1234yf Mass %52.1 52.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 34.8 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP— 300 300 298 299 298 299 COP ratio % (relative to 101.8 101.8 97.9 99.897.8 100.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 85.0 113.7 100.4113.9 94.9 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 49 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 61 Ex. 62 Ex. 63 Ex. 64 Ex.65 Item Unit A = B G I J K′ HFO-1132(E) Mass % 0.0 30.4 30.4 28.9 20.4HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 21.8 0.0 23.3 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 52.2 0.0 21.8 0.031.8 R32 Mass % 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 GWP — 325 323 324 323 324 COPratio % (relative to 102.1 98.2 100.0 98.2 100.6 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 85.0 113.8 101.8 113.9 96.8 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 50 Comp. Item Unit Ex. 66 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12Ex. 13 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0HFO-1123 Mass % 82.9 77.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 92.4 92.692.8 93.1 93.4 93.7 94.1 94.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 108.4108.3 108.2 107.9 107.6 107.2 106.8 106.3 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 51 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 14 15 16 17 6718 19 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 72.9 67.9 62.9 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 95.0 95.495.9 96.4 96.9 93.0 93.3 93.6 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 105.8105.2 104.5 103.9 103.1 105.7 105.5 105.2 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 52 Item Unit Ex. 21 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex.28 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123Mass % 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 R1234yf Mass % 10.0 10.010.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative to 93.9 94.2 94.695.0 95.5 96.0 96.4 96.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.9 104.5104.1 103.6 103.0 102.4 101.7 101.0 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 53 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 68 29 30 31 3233 34 35 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0HFO-1123 Mass % 17.9 67.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 R1234yf Mass %10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 97.4 93.5 93.8 94.1 94.4 94.8 95.2 95.6 Refrigerating % (relativeto R410A) 100.3 102.9 102.7 102.5 102.1 101.7 101.2 100.7 capacity ratio

TABLE 54 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 36 37 38 39 Ex. 6940 41 42 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 62.9 57.9 52.9 R1234yf Mass %15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 94.0 94.3 94.6 Refrigerating % (relativeto R410A) 100.1 99.5 98.9 98.1 97.4 100.1 99.9 99.6 capacity ratio

TABLE 55 Item Unit Ex. 43 Ex. 44 Ex. 45 Ex. 46 Ex. 47 Ex. 48 Ex. 49 Ex.50 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 R1234yf Mass % 20.0 20.020.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 COP ratio % (relative 95.0 95.3 95.7 96.296.6 97.1 97.6 98.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.2 98.8 98.397.8 97.2 96.6 95.9 95.2 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 56 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 70 51 52 53 5455 56 57 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0HFO-1123 Mass % 7.9 57.9 52.9 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 R1234yf Mass %20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.17.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 98.6 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.8 Refrigerating % (relativeto R410A) 94.4 97.1 96.9 96.7 96.3 95.9 95.4 94.8 capacity ratio

TABLE 57 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 58 59 60 61 Ex. 7162 63 64 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 65.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 R1234yf Mass % 25.0 25.025.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 97.2 97.798.2 98.7 99.2 95.2 95.5 95.8 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 94.293.6 92.9 92.2 91.4 94.2 93.9 93.7 capacity ratio

TABLE 58 Item Unit Ex. 65 Ex. 66 Ex. 67 Ex. 68 Ex. 69 Ex. 70 Ex. 71 Ex.72 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 60.0 HFO-1123Mass % 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 7.9 2.9 R1234yf Mass % 30.0 30.030.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 96.2 96.6 97.0 97.497.9 98.3 98.8 99.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 93.3 92.9 92.491.8 91.2 90.5 89.8 89.1 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 59 Item Unit Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 Ex.80 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123Mass % 47.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 12.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.035.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.997.2 97.7 98.1 98.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.1 90.9 90.690.2 89.8 89.3 88.7 88.1 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 60 Item Unit Ex. 81 Ex. 82 Ex. 83 Ex. 84 Ex. 85 Ex. 86 Ex. 87 Ex.88 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123Mass % 7.9 2.9 42.9 37.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 35.040.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1GWP — 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 99.0 99.4 96.6 96.997.2 97.6 98.0 98.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 87.4 86.7 88.087.8 87.5 87.1 86.6 86.1 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 61 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex.72 Ex. 73 Ex. 74 Ex. 75 Ex. 76 Ex. 77 Ex. 78 Ex. 79 HFO-1132(E) Mass %40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.937.9 32.9 27.9 22.9 17.9 R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.045.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 5050 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative 98.8 99.2 99.6 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.398.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 85.5 84.9 84.2 84.9 84.6 84.383.9 83.5 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 62 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 80 Ex. 81 Ex. 82 HFO-1132(E)Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 12.9 7.9 2.9 R1234yf Mass % 45.045.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 7.1 7.1 7.1 GWP — 50 50 50 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 99.1 99.5 99.9 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 82.9 82.3 81.7capacity ratio

TABLE 63 Item Unit Ex. 89 Ex. 90 Ex. 91 Ex. 92 Ex. 93 Ex. 94 Ex. 95 Ex.96 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 HFO-1123Mass % 70.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 R1234yf Mass % 5.0 5.05.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relative 93.7 93.9 94.194.4 94.7 95.0 95.4 95.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.2 110.0109.7 109.3 108.9 108.4 107.9 107.3 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 64 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 97 Ex. 83 98 99 100101 102 103 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0HFO-1123 Mass % 30.5 25.5 65.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 40.5 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relativeto R410A) 96.2 96.6 94.2 94.4 94.6 94.9 95.2 95.5 Refrigerating %(relative to R410A) 106.6 106.0 107.5 107.3 107.0 106.6 106.1 105.6capacity ratio

TABLE 65 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 104 105 106 Ex. 84107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 60.5 55.5 50.5 45.5 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1 94.6 94.8 95.1 95.4Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 105.1 104.5 103.8 103.1 104.7 104.5104.1 103.7 capacity ratio

TABLE 66 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 111 112 113 114 115Ex. 85 116 117 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 10.015.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 55.5 50.5 R1234yfMass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 95.7 96.0 96.4 96.8 97.2 97.6 95.1 95.3Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 103.3 102.8 102.2 101.6 101.0 100.3101.8 101.6 capacity ratio

TABLE 67 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Item Unit 118 119 120 121 122123 124 Ex. 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.055.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 R1234yfMass % 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 95.6 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.9 97.3 97.7 98.2Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 101.2 100.8 100.4 99.9 99.3 98.798.0 97.3 capacity ratio

TABLE 68 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 125 126 127 128 129130 131 132 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0HFO-1123 Mass % 50.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass %25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 COP ratio % (relativeto 95.6 95.9 96.1 96.4 96.7 97.1 97.5 97.9 R410A) Refrigerating capacity% (relative to 98.9 98.6 98.3 97.9 97.4 96.9 96.3 95.7 ratio R410A)

TABLE 69 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 133 87 134 135136 137 138 139 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 55.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.035.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 45.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass% 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to 98.3 98.7 96.2 96.4 96.7 97.0 97.3 97.7 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 95.0 94.3 95.8 95.6 95.2 94.8 94.493.8 ratio R410A)

TABLE 70 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 140 141 142 143 144145 146 147 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 40.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 R1234yf Mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to 98.1 98.5 98.9 96.8 97.0 97.3 97.6 97.9 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 93.3 92.6 92.0 92.8 92.5 92.2 91.891.3 ratio R410A)

TABLE 71 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 148 149 150 151 152153 154 155 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0HFO-1123 Mass % 15.5 10.5 5.5 35.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 R1234yf Mass %35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to 98.3 98.7 99.1 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.3 98.6 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 90.8 90.2 89.6 89.6 89.4 89.0 88.688.2 ratio R410A)

TABLE 72 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 156157 158 159 160 88 89 90 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 30.0 35.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.5 5.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5R1234yf Mass % 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 14.514.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100COP ratio % (relative to 98.9 99.3 98.1 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.6 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 87.6 87.1 86.5 86.2 85.9 85.5 85.084.5 ratio R410A)

TABLE 73 Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 9192 93 94 95 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 HFO-1123 Mass %25.5 20.5 15.5 10.5 5.5 R1234yf Mass % 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 R32 Mass% 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 GWP — 100 100 100 100 100 COP ratio %(relative to 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.7 100.0 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %(relative to 83.3 83.0 82.7 82.2 81.8 ratio R410A)

TABLE 74 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 161 162 163 164 165166 167 168 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0HFO-1123 Mass % 63.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass %5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio % (relative to94.8 95.0 95.2 95.4 95.7 95.9 96.2 96.6 R410A) Refrigerating capacity %(relative to 111.5 111.2 110.9 110.5 110.0 109.5 108.9 108.3 ratioR410A)

TABLE 75 Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 96 169 170 171172 173 174 175 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.040.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 58.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yfMass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio% (relative to 96.9 95.3 95.4 95.6 95.8 96.1 96.4 96.7 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 107.7 108.7 108.5 108.1 107.7107.2 106.7 106.1 ratio R410A)

TABLE 76 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 176 97 177 178179 180 181 182 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.035.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 53.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio% (relative to 97.0 97.4 95.7 95.9 96.1 96.3 96.6 96.9 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 105.5 104.9 105.9 105.6 105.3104.8 104.4 103.8 ratio R410A)

TABLE 77 Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 183 184 98 185186 187 188 189 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.030.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 48.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yfMass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio% (relative to 97.2 97.5 97.9 96.1 96.3 96.5 96.8 97.1 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 103.3 102.6 102.0 103.0 102.7102.3 101.9 101.4 ratio R410A)

TABLE 78 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 190 191 192 99193 194 195 196 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 43.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass% 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 COP ratio %(relative to 97.4 97.7 98.0 98.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.3 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 100.9 100.3 99.7 99.1 100.0 99.799.4 98.9 ratio R410A)

TABLE 79 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 197 198 199 200100 201 202 203 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 10.0 15.020.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 38.1 33.1 28.1 R1234yf Mass% 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 149 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to 97.6 97.9 98.2 98.5 98.9 97.1 97.3 97.6 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 98.5 97.9 97.4 96.8 96.1 97.0 96.796.3 ratio R410A)

TABLE 80 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 204 205 206 207 208209 210 211 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 33.1 28.1 23.1 R1234yf Mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to 97.8 98.1 98.4 98.7 99.1 97.7 97.9 98.1 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 95.9 95.4 94.9 94.4 93.8 93.9 93.693.3 ratio R410A)

TABLE 81 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 212 213 214 215 216217 218 219 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0HFO-1123 Mass % 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 28.1 23.1 18.1 13.1 R1234yf Mass %35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to 98.4 98.7 99.0 99.3 98.3 98.5 98.7 99.0 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 92.9 92.4 91.9 91.3 90.8 90.5 90.289.7 ratio R410A)

TABLE 82 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 220 221 222 223224 225 226 101 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.010.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 8.1 3.1 23.1 18.1 13.1 8.1 3.1 18.1 R1234yf Mass %40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.921.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to 99.3 99.6 98.9 99.1 99.3 99.6 99.9 99.6 R410A)Refrigerating capacity % (relative to 89.3 88.8 87.6 87.3 87.0 86.6 86.284.4 ratio R410A)

TABLE 83 Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Unit Ex. 102 Ex. 103 Ex. 104 HFO-1132(E)Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 13.1 8.1 3.1 R1234yf Mass % 50.050.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 21.9 21.9 21.9 GWP — 150 150 150 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.8 100.0 100.2 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A)84.1 83.8 83.4 capacity ratio

TABLE 84 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 227 228 229 230231 232 233 105 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 55.7 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 R1234yfMass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio %(relative to 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.6 96.8 97.1 97.3 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 112.2 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 110.2 109.6109.0 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 85 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 234 235 236 237238 239 240 106 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 50.7 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio% (relative to 96.3 96.4 96.6 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.8 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 109.4 109.2 108.8 108.4 107.9 107.4 106.8106.2 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 86 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 241 242 243 244245 246 247 107 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 45.7 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yfMass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio% (relative to 96.7 96.8 97.0 97.2 97.4 97.7 97.9 98.2 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 106.6 106.3 106.0 105.5 105.1 104.5 104.0103.4 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 87 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Item Unit 248 249 250 251252 253 254 108 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.045.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.7 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 R1234yf Mass% 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio %(relative to 97.1 97.3 97.5 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.7 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 103.7 103.4 103.0 102.6 102.2 101.6 101.1100.5 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 88 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 255 256 257 258 259260 261 262 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 10.0HFO-1123 Mass % 35.7 30.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 30.7 R1234yf Mass %25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 97.6 97.7 97.9 98.1 98.4 98.6 98.9 98.1Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 100.7 100.4 100.1 99.7 99.2 98.798.2 97.7 capacity ratio

TABLE 89 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 263 264 265 266 267268 269 270 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0HFO-1123 Mass % 25.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 25.7 20.7 15.7 R1234yf Mass %30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 98.2 98.4 98.6 98.9 99.1 98.6 98.7 98.9Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 97.4 97.1 96.7 96.2 95.7 94.7 94.494.0 capacity ratio

TABLE 90 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 271 272 273 274 275276 277 278 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 30.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0HFO-1123 Mass % 10.7 5.7 20.7 15.7 10.7 5.7 15.7 10.7 R1234yf Mass %35.0 35.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 45.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.329.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP — 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.2 99.4 99.1 99.3 99.5 99.7 99.7 99.8Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 93.6 93.2 91.5 91.3 90.9 90.6 88.488.1 capacity ratio

TABLE 91 Ex. Ex. Comp. Comp. Item Unit 279 280 Ex. 109 Ex. 110HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 10.0 15.0 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.7 10.7 5.7 5.7R1234yf Mass % 45.0 50.0 50.0 55.0 R32 Mass % 29.3 29.3 29.3 29.3 GWP —200 200 200 200 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 100.3 100.4 100.9Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 87.8 85.2 85.0 82.0 capacity ratio

TABLE 92 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 281 282 283 284285 111 286 287 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.015.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 40.9 35.9 30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 35.9 30.9 R1234yfMass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 298 298 298 298 298 298 299 299 COP ratio %(relative to 97.8 97.9 97.9 98.1 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 112.5 112.3 111.9 111.6 111.2 110.7 109.8109.5 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 93 Ex. Ex. Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 288 289 290 112291 292 293 294 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.025.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9 30.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 R1234yfMass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio% (relative to 98.3 98.5 98.6 98.8 98.6 98.6 98.7 98.9 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 109.2 108.8 108.4 108.0 107.0 106.7 106.4106.0 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 94 Ex. Comp. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 295 113 296 297298 299 300 301 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 30.0 35.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.010.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 10.9 5.9 25.9 20.9 15.9 10.9 5.9 20.9 R1234yf Mass% 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio %(relative to 99.0 99.2 99.0 99.0 99.2 99.3 99.4 99.4 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 105.6 105.2 104.1 103.9 103.6 103.2 102.8101.2 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 95 Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 302 303 304 305 306307 308 309 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 10.0 15.0HFO-1123 Mass % 15.9 10.9 5.9 15.9 10.9 5.9 10.9 5.9 R1234yf Mass % 25.025.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.144.1 44.1 44.1 GWP — 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 299 COP ratio %(relative to R410A) 99.5 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.3 100.4Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 101.0 100.7 100.3 98.3 98.0 97.895.3 95.1 capacity ratio

TABLE 96 Item Unit Ex. 400 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9R1234yf Mass % 40.0 R32 Mass % 44.1 GWP — 299 COP ratio % (relative toR410A) 100.7 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 92.3 capacity ratio

The above results indicate that the refrigerating capacity ratiorelative to R410A is 85% or more in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is (100−a) mass %, a straight line connecting a point (0.0,100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, and the point(0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) is on the left side, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates(x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on, or on the left sideof, a straight line AB that connects point A (0.0134a²−1.9681a+68.6,0.0, −0.0134a²+0.9681a+31.4) and point B (0.0, 0.0144a²−1.6377a+58.7,−0.0144a²+0.6377a+41.3);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0112a²−1.9337a+68.484, 0.0, −0.0112a²+0.9337a+31.516) and point B(0.0, 0.0075a²−1.5156a+58.199, −0.0075a²+0.5156a+41.801);

if 18.2a<a≤26.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0107a²−1.9142a+68.305, 0.0, −0.0107a²+0.9142a+31.695) and pointB(0.0, 0.009a²−1.6045a+59.318, −0.009a²+0.6045a+40.682);

if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0103a²-1.9225a+68.793, 0.0, −0.0103a²+0.9225a+31.207) and point B(0.0, 0.0046a²-1.41a+57.286, −0.0046a²+0.41a+42.714); and

if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on, or on the left side of, a straight line AB that connects point A(0.0085a²-1.8102a+67.1, 0.0, −0.0085a²+0.8102a+32.9) and point B (0.0,0.0012a²-1.1659a+52.95, −0.0012a²+0.1659a+47.05).

Actual points having a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more forma curved line that connects point A and point B in FIG. 3, and thatextends toward the 1234yf side. Accordingly, when coordinates are on, oron the left side of, the straight line AB, the refrigerating capacityratio relative to R410A is 85% or more.

Similarly, it was also found that in the ternary composition diagram, if0<a≤11.1, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on, or on the left side of, astraight line D′C that connects point D′ (0.0, 0.0224a²+0.968a+75.4,−0.0224a²−1.968a+24.6) and point C (−0.2304a²−0.4062a+32.9,0.2304a²−0.5938a+67.1, 0.0); or if 11.1<a≤46.7, when coordinates are inthe entire region, the COP ratio relative to that of R410A is 92.5% ormore.

In FIG. 3, the COP ratio of 92.5% or more forms a curved line CD. InFIG. 3, an approximate line formed by connecting three points: point C(32.9, 67.1, 0.0) and points (26.6, 68.4, 5) (19.5, 70.5, 10) where theCOP ratio is 92.5% when the concentration of R1234yf is 5 mass % and 10mass was obtained, and a straight line that connects point C and pointD′ (0, 75.4, 24.6), which is the intersection of the approximate lineand a point where the concentration of HFO-1132(E) is 0.0 mass % wasdefined as a line segment D′C. In FIG. 4, point D′(0, 83.4, 9.5) wassimilarly obtained from an approximate curve formed by connecting pointC (18.4, 74.5, 0) and points (13.9, 76.5, 2.5) (8.7, 79.2, 5) where theCOP ratio is 92.5%, and a straight line that connects point C and pointD′ was defined as the straight line D′C.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulationwas performed using NIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Rechargeaccording to the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fractionwas defined as WCFF.

For the flammability, the burning velocity was measured according to theANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. Both WCF and WCFF having a burningvelocity of 10 cm/s or less were determined to be classified as “Class2L (lower flammability).”

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC.

The results are shown in Tables 97 to 104.

TABLE 97 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 6 Ex. 13 Ex. 19Ex. 24 Ex. 29 Ex. 34 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.645.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.4 33.2 32.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.00.0 0.0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocitycm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCF)

TABLE 98 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 39 Ex. 45 Ex. 51 Ex. 57Ex. 62 WCF HFO- Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 31.530.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 1123 R1234yf Mass % 0 0 0 0 0 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.336.7 44.1 47.8 Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCF)

TABLE 99 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 7 Ex. 14 Ex. 20Ex. 25 Ex. 30 Ex. 35 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 60.9 55.8 52.1 48.645.4 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.0 33.133.4 33.2 32.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Burning velocitycm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 (WCF)

TABLE 100 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 40 Ex. 46 Ex. 52 Ex. 58Ex. 63 WCF HFO- Mass % 41.8 40 35.7 32 30.4 1132(E) HFO- Mass % 0 0 0 00 1123 R1234yf Mass % 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.9 21.8 R32 Mass % 26.7 29.3 36.744.1 47.8 Burning cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 velocity (WCF)

TABLE 101 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 8 Ex. 15 Ex. 21Ex. 26 Ex. 31 Ex. 36 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 47.1 40.5 37.0 34.3 32.030.3 HFO-1123 Mass % 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.2 49.8 47.8 R1234yf Mass % 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leakcondition that results Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/Storage/ in WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping−40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 92% 92% 92% 92%92% 92% release, release, release, release, release, release, liquidliquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phases ide phase side phase sidephase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 62.4 56.250.6 45.1 40.0 HFO-1123 Mass % 28.0 31.6 33.0 33.4 32.5 30.5 R1234yfMass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 0.0 50.9 10.8 16.0 22.4 29.5Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 orless 8 or less Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 102 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 41 Ex. 47 Ex. 53 Ex. 59Ex. 64 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.4 28.9 HFO-1123 Mass %44.2 41.9 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass %26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak condition that results in Storage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ WCFF Shipping Shipping ShippingShipping Shipping −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 92% 92%92% 90% 86% release, release, release, release, release, liquid liquidliquid gas gas phase side phase side phase side phase side phase sideWCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 34.6 32.2 27.7 28.3 27.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 26.523.9 17.5 18.2 16.7 R1234yf Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R32 Mass % 38.943.9 54.8 53.5 55.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8.39.3 9.6 Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 103 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 9 Ex. 16 Ex. 22Ex. 27 Ex. 32 Ex. 37 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 61.7 47.0 41.0 36.5 32.528.8 HFO-1123 Mass % 5.9 7.2 6.5 5.6 4.0 2.4 R1234yf Mass % 32.4 38.741.4 43.4 45.3 46.9 R32 Mass % 0.0 7.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 21.9 Leakcondition that results in Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/Storage/ WCFF Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping −40°C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 0% 0% 0% 92% 0% 0%release, release, release, release, release, release, gas gas gas liquidgas gas phase side phase side phase side phase side phase side phaseside WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 56.2 50.4 46.0 42.4 39.1 HFO-1123 Mass% 10.5 12.6 11.4 10.1 7.4 4.4 R1234yf Mass % 17.5 20.4 21.8 22.9 24.325.7 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.8 16.3 21.0 25.9 30.8 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burningvelocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 104 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Item Ex. 42 Ex. 48 Ex. 54 Ex. 60Ex. 65 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 24.8 24.3 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 Mass %0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.5 46.4 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 Mass %26.7 29.3 36.7 44.1 47.8 Leak condition that results in Storage/Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ Storage/ WCFF Shipping Shipping ShippingShipping Shipping −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., 0% 0% 0%0% 0% release, release, release, release, release, gas gas gas gas gasphase side phase side phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E)Mass % 35.3 34.3 31.3 29.1 28.1 HFO-1123 Mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0R1234yf Mass % 27.4 26.2 23.1 19.8 18.2 R32 Mass % 37.3 39.6 45.6 51.153.7 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less8 or less Burning velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10

The results in Tables 97 to 100 indicate that the refrigerant has a WCFlower flammability in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf,and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, coordinates(x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight lineconnecting a point (0.0, 100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a)is the base, if 0<a≤11.1, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary compositiondiagram are on or below a straight line GI that connects point G(0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0, 0.0) and point I(0.026a²−1.7478a+72.0, 0.0, −0.026a²+0.7478a+28.0);

if 11.1<a≤18.2, coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagramare on or below a straight line GI that connects point G(0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895, 0.0) and point I(0.02a²−1.6013a+71.105, 0.0, −0.02a²+0.6013a+28.895); if 18.2<a≤26.7,coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below astraight line GI that connects point G (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727,−0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273, 0.0) and point I (0.0135a²−1.4068a+69.727,0.0, −0.0135a²+0.4068a+30.273); if 26.7<a≤36.7, coordinates (x,y,z) inthe ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI thatconnects point G (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, −0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014,0.0) and point I (0.0111a²−1.3152a+68.986, 0.0,−0.0111a²+0.3152a+31.014); and if 36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates (x,y,z) inthe ternary composition diagram are on or below a straight line GI thatconnects point G (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, −0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098,0.0) and point I (0.0061a²−0.9918a+63.902, 0.0,−0.0061a²−0.0082a+36.098).

Three points corresponding to point G (Table 105) and point I (Table106) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges bycalculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 105 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 07.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.852.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 28.0 32.0 33.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.232.7 31.5 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.026a² −1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a² − 1.6013a + 71.105 0.0135a² − 1.4068a + 69.727Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.026a² + 0..7478a + 28.0 −0.02a² +0..6013a + 28.895 −0.0135a² + 0.4068a +3 0.273 Approximate expressionR1234yf 0 0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.7 35.732.0 30.4 HFO-1123 31.5 30.7 27.6 27.6 23.9 21.8 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a2 − 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a² − 0.9918a + 63.902Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0111a2 + 0.3152a + 31.014 −0.0061a² −0.0082a + 36.098 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximateexpression

TABLE 106 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 07.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 72.0 60.9 55.8 55.852.1 48.6 48.6 45.4 41.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 28.0 32.033.1 33.1 33.4 33.2 33.2 32.7 31.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.026a² −1.7478a + 72.0 0.02a² − 1.6013a + 71.105 0.0135a² − 1.4068a + 69.727Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf−0.026a² + 0.7478a + 28.0 −0.02a² + 0.6013a + 28.895 −0.0135a² +0.4068a + 30.273 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 41.8 40.0 35.735.7 32.0 30.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.5 30.7 23.6 23.6 23.521.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) 0.0111a² − 1.3152a + 68.986 0.0061a² −0.9918a + 63.902 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximateexpression R1234yf −0.0111a² + 0.3152a + 31.014 −0.0061a² − 0.0082a +36.098 Approximate expression

The results in Tables 101 to 104 indicate that the refrigerant isdetermined to have a WCFF lower flammability, and the flammabilityclassification according to the ASHRAE Standard is “2L (flammability)”in the following cases:

When the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf, and R32 based ontheir sum in the mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, R1234yf,and R32 is respectively represented by x, y, z, and a, in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR1234yf is (100−a) mass % and a straight line connecting a point (0.0,100.0−a, 0.0) and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0−a) is the base, if 0<a≤11.1,coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram are on or below astraight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0049a²−0.9645a+47.1,−0.0049a²−0.0355a+52.9, 0.0) and point K′(0.0514a²−2.4353a+61.7,−0.0323a²+0.4122a+5.9, −0.0191a²+1.0231a+32.4); if 11.1<a≤18.2,coordinates are on a straight line JK′ that connects point J(0.0243a²−1.4161a+49.725, −0.0243a²+0.4161a+50.275, 0.0) and pointK′(0.0341a²−2.1977a+61.187, −0.0236a²+0.34a+5.636,−0.0105a²+0.8577a+33.177); if 18.2<a≤26.7, coordinates are on or below astraight line JK′ that connects point J (0.0246a²−1.4476a+50.184,−0.0246a²+0.4476a+49.816, 0.0) and point K′ (0.0196a²−1.7863a+58.515,−0.0079a²−0.1136a+8.702, −0.0117a²+0.8999a+32.783); if 26.7<a≤36.7,coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ that connects point J(0.0183a²−1.1399a+46.493, −0.0183a²+0.1399a+53.507, 0.0) and point K′(−0.0051a²+0.0929a+25.95, 0.0, 0.0051a²−1.0929a+74.05); and if36.7<a≤46.7, coordinates are on or below a straight line JK′ thatconnects point J (−0.0134a²+1.0956a+7.13, 0.0134a²−2.0956a+92.87, 0.0)and point K′(−1.892a+29.443, 0.0, 0.892a+70.557).

Actual points having a WCFF lower flammability form a curved line thatconnects point J and point K′ (on the straight line AB) in FIG. 3 andextends toward the HFO-1132(E) side. Accordingly, when coordinates areon or below the straight line JK′, WCFF lower flammability is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point J (Table 107) and point K′ (Table108) were individually obtained in each of the following five ranges bycalculation, and their approximate expressions were obtained.

TABLE 107 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 07.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 47.1 40.5 37 37.034.3 32.0 32.0 30.3 29.1 HFO-1123 52.9 52.4 51.9 51.9 51.2 49.8 49.847.8 44.2 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0049a² −0.9645a + 47.1 0.0243a² − 1.4161a + 49.725 0.0246a² − 1.4476a + 50.184Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0049a² − 0.0355a + 52.9 −0.0243a² +0.4161a + 50.275 −0.0246a² + 0.4476a + 49.816 Approximate expressionR1234yf 0 0 0 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 47.8 ≥ R32 ≥36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 29.1 28.8 29.3 29.329.4 28.9 HFO-1123 44.2 41.9 34.0 34.0 26.5 23.3 R1234yf 0 0 0 0 0 0 R32a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0183a² − 1.1399a + 46.493 −0.0134a² + 1.0956a + 7.13Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0183a² + 0.1399a + 53.507 0.0134a² −2.0956a + 92.87 Approximate expression R1234yf 0 0 Approximateexpression

TABLE 108 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 07.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 61.7 47.0 41.0 41.036.5 32.5 32.5 28.8 24.8 HFO-1123 5.9 7.2 6.5 6.5 5.6 4.0 4.0 2.4 0R1234yf 32.4 38.7 41.4 41.4 43.4 45.3 45.3 46.9 48.5 R32 x x xHFO-1132(E) 0.0514a² − 2.4353a + 61.7 0.0341a² − 2.1977a + 61.1870.0196a² − 1.7863a + 58.515 Approximate expression HFO-1123 −0.0323a² +0.4122a + 5.9 −0.0236a² + 0.34a + 5.636 −0.0079a² − 0.1136a + 8.702Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0191a² + 1.0231a + 32.4 −0.0105a² +0.8577a + 33.177 −0.0117a² + 0.8999a + 32.783 Approximate expressionItem 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.147.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8 24.3 22.5 22.5 21.1 20.4 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0R1234yf 48.5 46.4 40.8 40.8 34.8 31.8 R32 x x HFO-1132(E) −0.0051a² +0.0929a + 25.95 −1.892a + 29.443 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0 0Approximate expression R1234yf 0.0051a² − 1.0929a + 74.05 0.892a +70.557 Approximate expression

FIGS. 3 to 13 show compositions whose R32 content a (mass %) is 0 mass%, 7.1 mass %, 11.1 mass %, 14.5 mass %, 18.2 mass %, 21.9 mass %, 26.7mass %, 29.3 mass %, 36.7 mass %, 44.1 mass %, and 47.8 mass %,respectively.

Points A, B, C, and D′ were obtained in the following manner accordingto approximate calculation.

Point A is a point where the content of HFO-1123 is 0 mass %, and arefrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A isachieved. Three points corresponding to point A were obtained in each ofthe following five ranges by calculation, and their approximateexpressions were obtained (Table 109).

TABLE 109 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 07.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 68.6 55.3 48.4 48.442.8 37 37 31.5 24.8 HFO-1123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 31.4 37.6 40.540.5 42.7 44.8 44.8 46.6 48.5 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0.0134a² − 1.9681a +68.6 0.0112a² − 1.9337a + 68.484 0.0107a² − 1.9142a + 68.305 Approximateexpression HFO-1123 0 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0134a² +0.9681a + 31.4 −0.0112a² + 0.9337a + 31.516 −0.0107a² + 0.9142a + 31.695Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.729.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 24.8 21.3 12.1 12.1 3.8 0 HFO-11230 0 0 0 0 0 R1234yf 48.5 49.4 51.2 51.2 52.1 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E)0.0103a² − 1.9225a + 68.793 0.0085a² − 1.8102a + 67.1 Approximateexpression HFO-1123 0 0 Approximate expression R1234yf −0.0103a² +0.9225a + 31..207 −0.0085a² + 0.8102a + 32.9 Approximate expression

Point B is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and arefrigerating capacity ratio of 85% relative to that of R410A isachieved.

Three points corresponding to point B were obtained in each of thefollowing five ranges by calculation, and their approximate expressionswere obtained (Table 110).

TABLE 110 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 18.2 ≥ R32 ≥ 11.1 26.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 18.2 R32 07.1 11.1 11.1 14.5 18.2 18.2 21.9 26.7 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HFO-1123 58.7 47.8 42.3 42.3 37.8 33.1 33.1 28.5 22.9 R1234yf 41.3 45.146.6 46.6 47.7 48.7 48.7 49.6 50.4 R32 a a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.0144a² − 1.6377a + 58.7 0.0075a² −1.5156a + 58.199 0.009a² − 1.6045a + 59.318 Approximate expressionR1234yf −0.0144a² + 0.6377a + 41.3 −0.0075a² + 0.5156a + 41.801−0.009a² + 0.6045a + 40.682 Approximate expression Item 36.7 ≥ R32 ≥26.7 46.7 ≥ R32 ≥ 36.7 R32 26.7 29.3 36.7 36.7 44.1 47.8 HFO-1132(E) 0 00 0 0 0 HFO-1123 22.9 19.9 11.7 11.8 3.9 0 R1234yf 50.4 50.8 51.6 51.552.0 52.2 R32 a a HFO-1132(E) 0 0 Approximate expression HFO-11230.0046a² − 1.41a + 57.286 0.0012a² − 1.1659a + 52.95 Approximateexpression R1234yf −0.0046a² + 0.41a + 42.714 −0.0012a² + 0.1659a +47.05 Approximate expression

Point D′ is a point where the content of HFO-1132(E) is 0 mass %, and aCOP ratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point D′ were obtained in each of thefollowing by calculation, and their approximate expressions wereobtained (Table 111).

TABLE 111 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 0 0 0 HFO-112375.4 83.4 88.9 R1234yf 24.6 9.5 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) 0 Approximateexpression HFO-1123 0.0224a² + 0.968a + 75.4 Approximate expressionR1234yf −0.0224a² − 1.968a + 24.6 Approximate expression

Point C is a point where the content of R1234yf is 0 mass %, and a COPratio of 95.5% relative to that of R410A is achieved.

Three points corresponding to point C were obtained in each of thefollowing by calculation, and their approximate expressions wereobtained (Table 112).

TABLE 112 Item 11.1 ≥ R32 > 0 R32 0 7.1 11.1 HFO-1132(E) 32.9 18.4 0HFO-1123 67.1 74.5 88.9 R1234yf 0 0 0 R32 a HFO-1132(E) −0.2304a² −0.4062a + 32.9 Approximate expression HFO-1123 0.2304a² − 0.5938a + 67.1Approximate expression R1234yf 0 Approximate expression(5-4) Refrigerant D

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant; i.e.,a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently lowGWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAEstandard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0);

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3,y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6,y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4);

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates(0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02);

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates(0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 70% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments ON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488);

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates(0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and

the line segment UO is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of250 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments;

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates(0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235);

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874);

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates(0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512);

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates(0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); and

the line segment TL is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWPof 350 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments;

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates(0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9);

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); and

the line segment TP is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% or more relative to R410A, a GWPof 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lower flammability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments ac, cf, fd, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),

point c (36.5, 18.2, 45.3),

point f (47.6, 18.3, 34.1), and

point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ac is represented by coordinates(0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment fd is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y,−0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments cf and da are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 125 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to theASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments ab, be, ed, and da that connect the following 4 points:

point a (71.1, 0.0, 28.9),

point b (42.6, 14.5, 42.9),

point e (51.4, 14.6, 34.0), and

point d (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ab is represented by coordinates(0.0181y²−2.2288y+71.096, y, −0.0181y²+1.2288y+28.904);

the line segment ed is represented by coordinates (0.02y²−1.7y+72, y,−0.02y²+0.7y+28); and

the line segments be and da are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 85% or more relative to R410A, aGWP of 100 or less, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to theASHRAE standard.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments gi, ij, and jg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),

point i (55.1, 18.3, 26.6), and

point j (77.5, 18.4, 4.1),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gi is represented by coordinates(0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments ij and jg are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A anda GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such aspolymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments gh, hk, and kg that connect the following 3 points:

point g (77.5, 6.9, 15.6),

point h (61.8, 14.6, 23.6), and

point k (77.5, 14.6, 7.9),

or on these line segments;

the line segment gh is represented by coordinates(0.02y²−2.4583y+93.396, y, −0.02y²+1.4583y+6.604); and

the line segments hk and kg are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas a refrigerating capacity ratio of 95% or more relative to R410A anda GWP of 100 or less, undergoes fewer or no changes such aspolymerization or decomposition, and also has excellent stability.

The refrigerant D according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32,and R1234yf, as long as the above properties and effects are notimpaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the presentdisclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf in a totalamount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, andstill more preferably 99.9 mass % or more based on the entirerefrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from awide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a singleadditional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant D)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant D. However, the refrigerant D is not limitedto the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using theNIST Standard Reference Database REFLEAK Version 4.0 under theconditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak, and Recharge accordingto the ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was definedas WCFF.

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC. Tables 113 to 115 show the results.

TABLE 113 Comparative Example Example Example Example 13 Example 12Example 14 Example 16 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass %72 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32 28.9 R32 Mass % 0 10 18.3 27.6 36.8 44.2 51.7R1234yf Mass % 28 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.8 19.4 Burning Velocity (WCF)cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 114 Comparative Example Example Example 14 Example 19 Example 21Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.429.3 27.7 24.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass %47.4 55.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.8 Leak condition that results in Storage,Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, WCFF Shipping, Shipping,Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40°C., −40° C., −40° C., 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% release, release, release,release, release, release, on the gas on the gas on the gas on the gason the gas on the gas phase side phase side phase side phase side phaseside phase side WCF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 72.0 57.8 48.7 43.6 40.6 34.9 R32Mass % 0.0 9.5 17.9 24.2 28.7 38.1 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.7 33.4 32.230.7 27.0 Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 orless 8 or less 8 or less Burning Velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10

TABLE 115 Example 23 Example 25 Item Unit O Example 24 P WCF HFO-1132(E)Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 HFO-1123 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.634.6 27.8 Leak condition that results in WCFF Storage, Storage, Storage,Shipping, −40° C., Shipping, −40° C., Shipping, −40° C., 0% release, on0% release, on 0% release, on the gas phase the gas phase the gas phaseside side side WCFF HFO-1132(E) Mass % 31.4 29.2 27.1 HFO-1123 Mass %45.7 51.1 56.4 R1234yf Mass % 23.0 19.7 16.5 Burning Velocity (WCF) cm/s8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning Velocity (WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternarycomposition diagram shown in FIG. 14 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are on the line segment that connectspoint I, point J, point K, and point L, or below these line segments,the refrigerant has a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternarycomposition diagram shown in FIG. 14 are on the line segments thatconnect point M, point M′, point W, point J, point N, and point P, orbelow these line segments, the refrigerant has an ASHRAE lowerflammability.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yfin amounts (mass %) shown in Tables 116 to 144 based on the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf. The coefficient of performance (COP)ratio and the refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410 of the mixedrefrigerants shown in Tables 116 to 144 were determined. The conditionsfor calculation were as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5 K

Degree of subcooling: 5 K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 116 to 144 show these values together with the GWP of each mixedrefrigerant.

TABLE 116 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A′ B′ A″ B″ HFO-1132(E) Mass % R410A81.6 0.0 63.1 0.0 48.2 0.0 R32 Mass % 18.4 18.1 36.9 36.7 51.8 51.5R1234yf Mass % 0.0 81.9 0.0 63.3 0.0 48.5 GWP — 2088 125 125 250 250 350350 COP Ratio % (relative 100 98.7 103.6 98.7 102.3 99.2 102.2 to R410A)Refrigerating % (relative 100 105.3 62.5 109.9 77.5 112.1 87.3 Capacityto R410A) Ratio

TABLE 117 Comparative Comparative Example Example Example 8 ComparativeExample 10 Example 2 Example 4 Item Unit C Example 9 C′ 1 R 3 T HFO-1132(E) Mass % 85.5 66.1 52.1 37.8 25.5 16.6 8.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.227.6 36.8 44.2 51.6 R1234yf Mass % 14.5 23.9 29.7 34.6 37.7 39.2 39.8GWP — 1 69 125 188 250 300 350 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.8 99.3 99.399.6 100.2 100.8 101.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 92.5 92.592.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 118 Comparative Example Example Comparative Example Example 11Example 6 Example 8 Example 12 Example 10 Item Unit E 5 N 7 U G 9 VHFO-1132 (E) Mass % 58.3 40.5 27.7 14.9 3.9 39.6 22.8 11.0 R32 Mass %0.0 10.0 18.2 27.6 36.7 0.0 10.0 18.1 R1234yf Mass % 41.7 49.5 54.1 57.559.4 60.4 67.2 70.9 GWP — 2 70 125 189 250 3 70 125 COP Ratio %(relative to 100.3 100.3 100.7 101.2 101.9 101.4 101.8 102.3 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 70.0Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 119 Comparative Example Example Example Example Example 13 Example12 Example 14 Example 16 17 Item Unit I 11 J 13 K 15 L Q HFO-1132 (E)Mass % 72.0 57.2 48.5 41.2 35.6 32.0 28.9 44.6 R32 Mass % 0.0 10.0 18.327.6 36.8 44.2 51.7 23.0 R1234yf Mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.6 23.819.4 32.4 GWP — 2 69 125 188 250 300 350 157 COP Ratio % (relative to99.9 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.6 99.8 100.1 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 86.6 88.4 90.9 94.2 97.7 100.5 103.3 92.5 Capacity R410A)Ratio

TABLE 120 Comparative Example Example 14 Example Example 19 Example 21Example Item Unit M 18 W 20 N 22 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 52.6 39.2 32.4 29.327.7 24.5 R32 Mass % 0.0 5.0 10.0 14.5 18.2 27.6 R1234yf Mass % 47.455.8 57.6 56.2 54.1 47.9 GWP — 2 36 70 100 125 188 COP Ratio % (relativeto 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.7 100.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relativeto 77.1 74.8 75.6 77.8 80.0 85.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 121 Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 23 Exam- ple 25 ple 26 Item Unit O ple24 P S HFO-1132(E) Mass % 22.6 21.2 20.5 21.9 R32 Mass % 36.8 44.2 51.739.7 R1234yf Mass % 40.6 34.6 27.8 38.4 GWP — 250 300 350 270 COP Ratio% (relative 100.4 100.5 100.6 100.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative91.0 95.0 99.1 92.5 Capacity Ratio to R410A)

TABLE 122 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ExampleExample Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 15 Example 16 Example17 Example 18 27 28 Example 19 Example 20 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.0 20.030.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0R1234yf Mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 GWP — 37 37 37 3636 36 35 35 COP Ratio % (relative 103.4 102.6 101.6 100.8 100.2 99.899.6 99.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 56.4 63.3 69.5 75.2 80.585.4 90.1 94.4 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 123 Comparative Comparative Example Comparative ExampleComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 21 Example 22 29Example 23 30 Example 24 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 10.020.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.010.0 10.0 10.0 R1234yf Mass % 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0GWP — 71 71 70 70 70 69 69 69 COP Ratio % (relative 103.1 102.1 101.1100.4 99.8 99.5 99.2 99.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 61.8 68.374.3 79.7 84.9 89.7 94.2 98.4 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 124 Comparative Example Comparative Example Example ComparativeComparative Comparative Item Unit Example 27 31 Example 28 32 33 Example29 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 80.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0R1234yf Mass % 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 GWP — 104 104 104103 103 103 103 103 COP Ratio % (relative to 102.7 101.6 100.7 100.099.5 99.2 99.0 98.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 66.6 72.9 78.684.0 89.0 93.7 98.1 102.2 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 125 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32 Example 33Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 Example 38 Example 39HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 R32 Mass %20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 R1234yf Mass % 70.0 60.0 50.040.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 65.0 GWP — 138 138 137 137 137 136 136 171 COP Ratio% (relative to 102.3 101.2 100.4 99.7 99.3 99.0 98.8 101.9 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 71.0 77.1 82.7 88.0 92.9 97.5 101.7 75.0Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 126 Example Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Example Item Unit 34 Example 40 Example 41Example 42 Example 43 Example 44 Example 45 35 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 20.030.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 20.0 R32 Mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.025.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 50.0 GWP— 171 171 171 170 170 170 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.9 100.199.6 99.2 98.9 98.7 101.6 100.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 81.086.6 91.7 96.5 101.0 105.2 78.9 84.8 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 127 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ExampleExample Example Comparative Item Unit Example 46 Example 47 Example 48Example 49 36 37 38 Example 50 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.010.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0R1234yf Mass % 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 GWP — 204 204 204204 239 238 238 238 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.0 99.5 99.1 98.8 101.4100.6 99.9 99.4 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 90.2 95.3 100.0104.4 82.5 88.3 93.7 98.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 128 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ExampleComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 51 Example 52Example 53 Example 54 39 Example 55 Example 56 Example 57 HFO-1132 (E)Mass % 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.0 R32 Mass % 35.0 35.0 40.040.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 R1234yf Mass % 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.010.0 45.0 GWP — 237 237 272 272 272 271 271 306 COP Ratio % (relative to99.0 98.8 101.3 100.6 99.9 99.4 99.0 101.3 R410A) Refrigerating %(relative to 103.2 107.5 86.0 91.7 96.9 101.8 106.3 89.3 Capacity R410A)Ratio

TABLE 129 Example Example Comparative Comparative Comparative ExampleComparative Comparative Item Unit 40 41 Example 58 Example 59 Example 6042 Example 61 Example 62 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 10.020.0 30.0 40.0 R32 Mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0R1234yf Mass % 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP — 305 305 305304 339 339 339 338 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.0 99.5 99.1 101.3100.6 100.0 99.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 94.9 100.0 104.7109.2 92.4 97.8 102.9 107.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 130 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ExampleExample Example Example Item Unit Example 63 Example 64 Example 65Example 66 43 44 45 46 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 56.0 59.062.0 65.0 R32 Mass % 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass %35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 GWP — 373 372 372 372 22 22 22 22COP Ratio % (relative to 101.4 100.7 100.1 99.6 100.1 100.0 99.9 99.8R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 95.3 100.6 105.6 110.2 81.7 83.284.6 86.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 131 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 49.0 52.055.0 58.0 61.0 43.0 46.0 49.0 R32 Mass % 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0R1234yf Mass % 45.0 42.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 48.0 45.0 42.0 GWP — 43 43 43 4342 63 63 63 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.2 100.0 99.9 99.8 99.7 100.3100.1 99.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 80.9 82.4 83.9 85.4 86.880.4 82.0 83.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 132 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 52.0 55.058.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 50.0 R32 Mass % 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.012.0 R1234yf Mass % 39.0 36.0 33.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 GWP — 63 6363 83 83 83 83 83 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.8 99.7 99.6 100.3 100.1100.0 99.8 99.7 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.0 86.5 87.9 80.482.0 83.5 85.1 86.6 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 133 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 53.0 33.036.0 39.0 42.0 45.0 48.0 51.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.015.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 35.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 43.0 40.0 37.0 34.0 GWP —83 104 104 103 103 103 103 103 COP Ratio % (relative to 99.6 100.5 100.3100.1 99.9 99.7 99.6 99.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 88.0 80.381.9 83.5 85.0 86.5 88.0 89.5 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 134 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 HFO-1132 (E) Mass % 29.0 32.035.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 47.0 36.0 R32 Mass % 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.018.0 3.0 R1234yf Mass % 53.0 50.0 47.0 44.0 41.0 38.0 35.0 61.0 GWP —124 124 124 124 124 123 123 23 COP Ratio % (relative to 100.6 100.3100.1 99.9 99.8 99.6 99.5 101.3 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 80.682.2 83.8 85.4 86.9 88.4 89.9 71.0 Capacity R410A) Ratio

TABLE 135 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 39.0 42.030.0 33.0 36.0 26.0 29.0 32.0 R32 Mass % 3.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 9.0 9.0 9.0R1234yf Mass % 58.0 55.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 65.0 62.0 59.0 GWP — 23 23 43 4343 64 64 63 COP Ratio % (relative 101.1 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.0 101.6101.3 101.1 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 72.7 74.4 70.5 72.2 73.971.0 72.8 74.5 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 136 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 21.0 24.027.0 30.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 15.015.0 15.0 R1234yf Mass % 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 69.0 66.0 63.0 60.0 GWP —84 84 84 84 104 104 104 104 COP Ratio % (relative 101.8 101.5 101.2101.0 102.1 101.8 101.4 101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 70.872.6 74.3 76.0 70.4 72.3 74.0 75.8 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 137 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 28.012.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 25.0 R32 Mass % 15.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.018.0 18.0 21.0 R1234yf Mass % 57.0 70.0 67.0 64.0 61.0 58.0 55.0 54.0GWP — 104 124 124 124 124 124 124 144 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9 102.2101.9 101.6 101.3 101.0 100.7 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative77.5 70.5 72.4 74.2 76.0 77.7 79.4 80.7 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 138 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 HFO-1132(E) Mass %21.0 24.0 17.0 20.0 23.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 R32 Mass % 24.0 24.0 27.0 27.027.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 R1234yf Mass % 55.0 52.0 56.0 53.0 50.0 57.0 54.051.0 GWP — 164 164 185 185 184 205 205 205 COP Ratio % (relative 100.9100.6 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 80.8 82.5 80.8 82.5 84.2 80.7 82.5 84.2 Capacity to R410A)Ratio

TABLE 139 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 HFO-1132(E) Mass %22.0 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 8.0 12.0 R32 Mass % 30.0 33.0 33.0 33.033.0 33.0 36.0 36.0 R1234yf Mass % 48.0 58.0 55.0 52.0 49.0 46.0 56.052.0 GWP — 205 225 225 225 225 225 245 245 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5101.6 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.5 101.6 101.2 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 85.9 80.5 82.3 84.1 85.8 87.5 82.0 84.4 Capacity to R410A)Ratio

TABLE 140 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 HFO-1132(E) Mass %15.0 18.0 21.0 42.0 39.0 34.0 37.0 30.0 R32 Mass % 36.0 36.0 36.0 25.028.0 31.0 31.0 34.0 R1234yf Mass % 49.0 46.0 43.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 32.036.0 GWP — 245 245 245 170 191 211 211 231 COP Ratio % (relative 101.0100.7 100.5 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative86.2 87.9 89.6 92.7 93.4 93.0 94.5 93.0 Capacity to R410A) Ratio

TABLE 141 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 HFO-1132(E) Mass %33.0 36.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 33.0 23.0 26.0 R32 Mass % 34.0 34.0 37.0 37.037.0 37.0 40.0 40.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 30.0 39.0 36.0 33.0 30.0 37.034.0 GWP — 231 231 252 251 251 251 272 272 COP Ratio % (relative 99.899.6 100.3 100.1 99.9 99.8 100.4 100.2 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 94.5 96.0 91.9 93.4 95.0 96.5 93.3 94.9 Capacity to R410A)Ratio

TABLE 142 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 HFO-1132(E) Mass %29.0 32.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 31.0 18.0 R32 Mass % 40.0 40.0 43.0 43.043.0 43.0 43.0 46.0 R1234yf Mass % 31.0 28.0 38.0 35.0 32.0 29.0 26.036.0 GWP — 272 271 292 292 292 292 292 312 COP Ratio % (relative 100.099.8 100.6 100.4 100.2 100.1 99.9 100.7 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 96.4 97.9 93.1 94.7 96.2 97.8 99.3 94.4 Capacity to R410A)Ratio

TABLE 143 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 HFO-1132(E) Mass %21.0 23.0 26.0 29.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 R32 Mass % 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.049.0 49.0 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 33.0 31.0 28.0 25.0 38.0 35.0 32.029.0 GWP — 312 312 312 312 332 332 332 332 COP Ratio % (relative 100.5100.4 100.2 100.0 101.1 100.9 100.7 100.5 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 96.0 97.0 98.6 100.1 93.5 95.1 96.7 98.3 Capacity to R410A)Ratio

TABLE 144 Item Unit Example 151 Example 152 HFO-1132(E) Mass % 25.0 28.0R32 Mass % 49.0 49.0 R1234yf Mass % 26.0 23.0 GWP — 332 332 COP Ratio %(relative to R410A) 100.3 100.1 Refrigerating % (relative to R410A) 99.8101.3 Capacity Ratio

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsIJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment EI),

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates(0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y, −0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0),

the line segment NE is represented by coordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3,y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7), and

the line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant D has arefrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of125 or less, and a WCF lower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsMM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M′ (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and

point G (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM),

the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates (0.132y²−3.34y+52.6,y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4),

the line segment M′N is represented by coordinates(0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y, −0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02),

the line segment VG is represented by coordinates(0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4), and

the line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant Daccording to the present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratioof 70% or more relative to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and an ASHRAElower flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments,

the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488),

the line segment NU is represented by coordinates(0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365), and

the line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant D according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 80% or morerelative to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and an ASHRAE lowerflammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsQR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connect the following 5 points:

point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments,

the line segment QR is represented by coordinates(0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y, −0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235),

the line segment RT is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874),

the line segment LK is represented by coordinates(0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488, y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512),

the line segment KQ is represented by coordinates(0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324), and

the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant D according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and a WCF lowerflammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsPS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments,

the line segment PS is represented by coordinates(0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y, −0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9),

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874), and

the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant D according tothe present disclosure has a refrigerating capacity ratio of 92.5% ormore relative to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less, and an ASHRAE lowerflammability.

(5-5) Refrigerant E

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is a mixedrefrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and difluoromethane (R32).

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure has variousproperties that are desirable as an R410A-alternative refrigerant, i.e.,a coefficient of performance equivalent to that of R410A and asufficiently low GWP.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IK, KB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GI that connect the following 6points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GI);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments KB′ and GI are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to thatof R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IJ, JR, RG, and GI that connect the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GI);

the line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.025z²−1.7429z+72.0,−0.025z²+0.7429z+28.0, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments JR and GI are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas WCF lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to thatof R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MP, PB′, B′H, HR, RG, and GM that connect the following 6points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4),

point H (0.0, 84.2, 15.8),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segments B′Hand GM);

the line segment MP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment HR is represented by coordinates(−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06, 0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and

the line segments PB′ and GM are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative tothat of R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MN, NR, RG, and GM that connect the following 4 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point N (38.5, 52.1, 9.5),

point R (23.1, 67.4, 9.5), and

point G (38.5, 61.5, 0.0),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segment GM);

the line segment MN is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z),

the line segment RG is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z),

the line segments NR and GM are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 93% or more relative tothat of R410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points:

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4),

point S (25.4, 56.2, 18.4), and

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2),

or on these line segments;

the line segment ST is represented by coordinates(−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931, 0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z),

the line segment TP is represented by coordinates (0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1,−0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and

the line segment PS is a straight line. When the requirements above aresatisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosure hasASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to thatof R410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments QB″, B″D, DU, and UQ that connect the following 4 points:

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0),

point D (0.0, 67.0, 33.0), and

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1),

or on these line segments (excluding the points on the line segmentB″D);

the line segment DU is represented by coordinates(−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1, 3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z),

the line segment UQ is represented by coordinates(0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133, −0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z), and

the line segments QB″ and B″D are straight lines. When the requirementsabove are satisfied, the refrigerant according to the present disclosurehas ASHRAE lower flammability, a COP ratio of 96% or more relative tothat of R410A, and a GWP of 250 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc′, c′d′, d′e′, e′a′, and a′O that connect the following5 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),

point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),

point e′ (41.8, 39.8, 18.4), and

point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments c′d′, d′e′, and e′a′ (excluding the points c′and a′);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates(−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z),

the line segment d′e′ is represented by coordinates(−0.0535z²+0.3229z+53.957, 0.0535z²+0.6771z+46.043, z), and

the line segments Oc′, e′a′, and a′O are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 92.5% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc, cd, de, ea′, and a′O that connect the following 5points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),

point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5),

point e (72.2, 9.4, 18.4), and

point a′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

or on the line segments cd, de, and ea′ (excluding the points c and a′);

the line segment cde is represented by coordinates(−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, ea′, and a′O are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 125 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc′, c′d′, d′a, and aO that connect the following 5points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c′ (56.7, 43.3, 0.0),

point d′ (52.2, 38.3, 9.5), and

point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments c′d′ and d′a (excluding the points c′ and a);

the line segment c′d′ is represented by coordinates(−0.0297z²−0.1915z+56.7, 0.0297z²+1.1915z+43.3, z), and

the line segments Oc′, d′a, and aO are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 93.5% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure is preferably arefrigerant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123,and R32 is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments Oc, cd, da, and aO that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point c (77.7, 22.3, 0.0),

point d (76.3, 14.2, 9.5), and

point a (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

or on the line segments cd and da (excluding the points c and a);

the line segment cd is represented by coordinates(−0.017z²+0.0148z+77.684, 0.017z²+0.9852z+22.316, z), and

the line segments Oc, da, and aO are straight lines. When therequirements above are satisfied, the refrigerant according to thepresent disclosure has a COP ratio of 95% or more relative to that ofR410A, and a GWP of 65 or less.

The refrigerant E according to the present disclosure may furthercomprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E),HFO-1123, and R32, as long as the above properties and effects are notimpaired. In this respect, the refrigerant according to the presentdisclosure preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in atotal amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % ormore, and even more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, based on the entirerefrigerant.

Such additional refrigerants are not limited, and can be selected from awide range of refrigerants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a singleadditional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

(Examples of Refrigerant E)

The present disclosure is described in more detail below with referenceto Examples of refrigerant E. However, the refrigerant E is not limitedto the Examples.

Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, andR32 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 145 and 146.

The composition of each mixture was defined as WCF. A leak simulationwas performed using National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)Standard Reference Data Base Refleak Version 4.0 under the conditionsfor equipment, storage, shipping, leak, and recharge according to theASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined asWCFF.

For each mixed refrigerant, the burning velocity was measured accordingto the ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. When the burning velocities of theWCF composition and the WCFF composition are 10 cm/s or less, theflammability of such a refrigerant is classified as Class 2L (lowerflammability) in the ASHRAE flammability classification.

A burning velocity test was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.1 in the following manner. First, the mixed refrigerants used had apurity of 99.5% or more, and were degassed by repeating a cycle offreezing, pumping, and thawing until no traces of air were observed onthe vacuum gauge. The burning velocity was measured by the closedmethod. The initial temperature was ambient temperature. Ignition wasperformed by generating an electric spark between the electrodes in thecenter of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9ms, and the ignition energy was typically about 0.1 to 1.0 J. The spreadof the flame was visualized using schlieren photographs. A cylindricalcontainer (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with twolight transmission acrylic windows was used as the sample cell, and axenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren images of the flamewere recorded by a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of600 fps and stored on a PC.

Tables 145 and 146 show the results.

TABLE 145 Item Unit I J K L WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.7 48.4 35.5HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 Burningvelocity (WCF) cm/s 10 10 10 10

TABLE 146 Item Unit M N T P U Q WCF HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5 34.831.8 28.7 28.6 HFO-1123 mass % 52.9 52.1 51.0 49.8 41.2 34.4 R32 mass %0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 30.1 37.0 Leak condition that results in Storage,Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, Storage, WCFF Shipping, Shipping,Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, Shipping, −40° C., −40° C., −40° C., −40°C., −40° C., −40° C., 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%, 92%, release, release,release, release, release, release, on the on the on the on the on theon the liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid phase side phase sidephase side phase side phase side phase side WCFF HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.058.9 51.5 44.6 31.4 27.1 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.4 33.1 32.6 23.2 18.3R32 mass % 0.0 8.7 15.4 22.8 45.4 54.6 Burning velocity (WCF) cm/s 8 orless 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less 8 or less Burning velocity(WCFF) cm/s 10 10 10 10 10 10

The results in Table 1 indicate that in a ternary composition diagram ofa mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which their sumis 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and apoint (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) is onthe left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the right side,when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments IK and KL thatconnect the following 3 points:

point I (72.0, 28.0, 0.0),

point K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), and

point L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0);

the line segment IK is represented by coordinates(0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00, −0.025z²+0.7429z+28.00, z), and

the line segment KL is represented by coordinates(0.0098z²-1.238z+67.852, −0.0098z²+0.238z+32.148, z),

it can be determined that the refrigerant has WCF lower flammability.

For the points on the line segment IK, an approximate curve(x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00) was obtained from three points, i.e., I (72.0,28.0, 0.0), J (57.7, 32.8, 9.5), and K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4) by using theleast-square method to determine coordinates (x=0.025z²−1.7429z+72.00,y=100−z−x=−0.00922z²+0.2114z+32.443, z).

Likewise, for the points on the line segment KL, an approximate curvewas determined from three points, i.e., K (48.4, 33.2, 18.4), Example 10(41.1, 31.2, 27.7), and L (35.5, 27.5, 37.0) by using the least-squaremethod to determine coordinates.

The results in Table 146 indicate that in a ternary composition diagramof a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 in which theirsum is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0)and a point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0)is on the left side, and the point (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is on the rightside, when coordinates (x,y,z) are on or below line segments MP and PQthat connect the following 3 points:

point M (47.1, 52.9, 0.0),

point P (31.8, 49.8, 18.4), and

point Q (28.6, 34.4, 37.0),

it can be determined that the refrigerant has ASHRAE lower flammability.

In the above, the line segment MP is represented by coordinates(0.0083z²−0.984z+47.1, −0.0083z²−0.016z+52.9, z), and the line segmentPQ is represented by coordinates (0.0135z²−0.9181z+44.133,−0.0135z²−0.0819z+55.867, z).

For the points on the line segment MP, an approximate curve was obtainedfrom three points, i.e., points M, N, and P, by using the least-squaremethod to determine coordinates. For the points on the line segment PQ,an approximate curve was obtained from three points, i.e., points P, U,and Q, by using the least-square method to determine coordinates.

The GWP of compositions each comprising a mixture of R410A(R32=50%/R125=50%) was evaluated based on the values stated in theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The GWPof HFO-1132(E), which was not stated therein, was assumed to be 1 fromHFO-1132a (GWP=1 or less) and HFO-1123 (GWP=0.3, described in PatentLiterature 1). The refrigerating capacity of compositions eachcomprising R410A and a mixture of HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123 wasdetermined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculationsfor the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science andTechnology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and TransportProperties Database (Refprop 9.0) under the following conditions.

The COP ratio and the refrigerating capacity (which may be referred toas “cooling capacity” or “capacity”) ratio relative to those of R410 ofthe mixed refrigerants were determined. The conditions for calculationwere as described below.

Evaporating temperature: 5° C.

Condensation temperature: 45° C.

Degree of superheating: 5K

Degree of subcooling: 5K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 147 to 166 show these values together with the GWP of each mixedrefrigerant.

TABLE 147 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example6 Example 7 Item Unit Example 1 A B A′ B′ A″ B″ HFO-1132(E) mass % R410A90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.0 90.5 0.0 81.6 0.0 63.0R32 mass % 9.5 9.5 18.4 18.4 37.0 37.0 GWP — 2088 65 65 125 125 250 250COP ratio % 100 99.1 92.0 98.7 93.4 98.7 96.1 (relative to R410A)Refrigerating % 100 102.2 111.6 105.3 113.7 110.0 115.4 capacity ratio(relative to R410A)

TABLE 148 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 8 Example 9Comparative Example 1 Example 11 Item Unit O C Example 10 U Example 2 DHFO-1132(E) mass % 100.0 50.0 41.1 28.7 15.2 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 0.031.6 34.6 41.2 52.7 67.0 R32 mass % 0.0 18.4 24.3 30.1 32.1 33.0 GWP — 1125 165 204 217 228 COP ratio % (relative 99.7 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0 96.0to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 98.3 109.9 111.7 113.5 114.8 115.4capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 149 Comparative Comparative Example 12 Comparative Example 3Example 4 Example 14 Item Unit E Example 13 T S F HFO-1132(E) mass %53.4 43.4 34.8 25.4 0.0 HFO-1123 mass % 46.6 47.1 51.0 56.2 74.1 R32mass % 0.0 9.5 14.2 18.4 25.9 GWP — 1 65 97 125 176 COP ratio %(relative 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative105.6 109.2 110.8 112.3 114.8 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 150 Comparative Comparative Example 15 Example 6 Example 16 ItemUnit G Example 5 R Example 7 H HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.5 31.5 23.1 16.90.0 HFO-1123 mass % 61.5 63.5 67.4 71.1 84.2 R32 mass % 0.0 5.0 9.5 12.015.8 GWP — 1 35 65 82 107 COP ratio % (relative 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0 93.0to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.0 109.1 110.9 111.9 113.2capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 151 Comparative Comparative Example Example 17 Example 8 Example 9Comparative 19 Item Unit I J K Example 18 L HFO-1132(E) mass % 72.0 57.748.4 41.1 35.5 HFO-1123 mass % 28.0 32.8 33.2 31.2 27.5 R32 mass % 0.09.5 18.4 27.7 37.0 GWP — 1 65 125 188 250 COP ratio % (relative to 96.695.8 95.9 96.4 97.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 103.1 107.4110.1 112.1 113.2 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 152 Compar- ative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- ple 20 ple 10 ple 11 ple12 Item Unit M N P Q HFO-1132(E) mass % 47.1 38.5 31.8 28.6 HFO-1123mass % 52.9 52.1 49.8 34.4 R32 mass % 0.0 9.5 18.4 37.0 GWP — 1 65 125250 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 94.1 94.7 96.9 to R410A) Refrigerating %(relative 106.2 109.7 112.0 114.1 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 153 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example Example ExampleComparative Comparative Item Unit Example 22 Example 23 Example 24 14 1516 Example 25 Example 26 HFO-1132(E) mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.060.0 70.0 80.0 HFO-1123 mass % 85.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0R32 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP — 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35COP ratio % (relative 91.7 92.2 92.9 93.7 94.6 95.6 96.7 97.7 to R410A)Refrigerating % 110.1 109.8 109.2 108.4 107.4 106.1 104.7 103.1 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 154 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeItem Unit Example 27 Example28 Example 29 Example 17 Example 18 Example19 Example 30 Example 31 HFO-1132(E) mass % 90.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.050.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass % 5.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0R32 mass % 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP — 35 68 68 68 6868 68 68 COP ratio % (relative 98.8 92.4 92.9 93.5 94.3 95.1 96.1 97.0to R410A) Refrigerating % 101.4 111.7 111.3 110.6 109.6 108.5 107.2105.7 capacity (relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 155 Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 32Example 20 Example 21 Example 22 Example 23 Example 24 Example 33Example 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0HFO-1123 mass % 10.0 75.0 65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 R32 mass % 10.015.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 GWP — 68 102 102 102 102 102 102 102COP ratio % (relative 98.0 93.1 93.6 94.2 94.9 95.6 96.5 97.4 to R410A)Refrigerating % (relative 104.1 112.9 112.4 111.6 110.6 109.4 108.1106.6 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 156 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 35 Example 36Example 37 Example 38 Example 39 Example 40 Example 41 Example 42HFO-1132(E) mass % 80.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 HFO-1123 mass% 5.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 20.0 20.020.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 GWP — 102 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 COP ratio %(relative 98.3 93.9 94.3 94.8 95.4 96.2 97.0 97.8 to R410A)Refrigerating % (relative 105.0 113.8 113.2 112.4 111.4 110.2 108.8107.3 capacity to R410A) ratio

TABLE 157 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 43 Example 44Example 45 Example 46 Example 47 Example 48 Example 49 Example 50 HFO-mass % 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 10.0 1132(E) HFO-1123 mass %65.0 55.0 45.0 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 60.0 R32 mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.025.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 GWP — 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 203 COP ratio %94.6 94.9 95.4 96.0 96.7 97.4 98.2 95.3 (relative to R410A)Refrigerating % 114.4 113.8 113.0 111.9 110.7 109.4 107.9 114.8 capacity(relative ratio to R410A)

TABLE 158 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeExample Example Comparative Item Unit Example 51 Example 52 Example 53Example 54 Example 55 25 26 Example 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 20.0 30.0 40.050.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 55.045.0 35.0 R32 mass % 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 GWP — 203203 203 203 203 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 95.6 96.0 96.6 97.297.9 96.0 96.3 96.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.2 113.4112.4 111.2 109.8 115.1 114.5 113.6 capacity to R410A) ratio

TABLE 159 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Comparative Comparative Item Unit Example 57 Example 58Example 59 Example 60 Example 61 Example 62 Example 63 Example 64HFO-1132(E) mass % 40.0 50.0 60.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 HFO-1123 mass% 25.0 15.0 5.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.040.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 GWP — 237 237 237 271 271 271 271 271 COP ratio %(relative to 97.1 97.7 98.3 96.6 96.9 97.2 97.7 98.2 R410A)Refrigerating % (relative to 112.6 111.5 110.2 115.1 114.6 113.8 112.8111.7 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE 160 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 HFO-1132(E) mass % 38.0 40.042.0 44.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 HFO-1123 mass % 60.0 58.0 56.0 54.0 61.059.0 57.0 55.0 R32 mass % 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 GWP — 14 14 1414 28 28 28 28 COP ratio % (relative 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.2 93.3 93.593.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.7 107.5 107.3 107.2 108.6108.4 108.2 108.0 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 161 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 HFO-1132(E) mass % 43.0 31.033.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 41.0 27.0 HFO-1123 mass % 53.0 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.055.0 53.0 65.0 R32 mass % 4.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 GWP — 28 41 4141 41 41 41 55 COP ratio % (relative 93.9 93.1 93.2 93.4 93.6 93.7 93.993.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 107.8 109.5 109.3 109.1 109.0108.8 108.6 110.3 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 162 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 HFO-1132(E) mass % 29.0 31.033.0 35.0 37.0 39.0 32.0 32.0 HFO-1123 mass % 63.0 61.0 59.0 57.0 55.053.0 51.0 50.0 R32 mass % 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 17.0 18.0 GWP — 55 5555 55 55 55 116 122 COP ratio % (relative 93.2 93.3 93.5 93.6 93.8 94.094.5 94.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 110.1 110.0 109.8 109.6109.5 109.3 111.8 111.9 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 163 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 HFO-1132(E) mass % 30.0 27.021.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 13.0 HFO-1123 mass % 52.0 42.0 46.0 44.0 42.040.0 54.0 52.0 R32 mass % 18.0 31.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 33.0 35.0 35.0 GWP —122 210 223 223 223 223 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 94.5 96.0 96.096.1 96.2 96.3 96.0 96.0 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 112.1 113.7114.3 114.2 114.0 113.8 115.0 114.9 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 164 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 HFO-1132(E) mass % 15.0 17.019.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 11.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.040.0 38.0 52.0 R32 mass % 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.0 GWP —237 237 237 237 237 237 237 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.1 96.2 96.296.3 96.4 96.4 96.5 96.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.8 114.7114.5 114.4 114.2 114.1 113.9 115.1 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 165 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 HFO-1132(E) mass % 13.0 15.017.0 15.0 17.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 HFO-1123 mass % 50.0 48.0 46.0 50.0 48.046.0 44.0 42.0 R32 mass % 37.0 37.0 37.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 GWP — 250250 250 237 237 237 237 237 COP ratio % (relative 96.3 96.4 96.4 96.196.2 96.2 96.3 96.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 115.0 114.9114.7 114.8 114.7 114.5 114.4 114.2 capacity ratio to R410A)

TABLE 166 Example Example Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Item Unit 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 HFO-1132(E) mass % 25.0 27.011.0 19.0 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 HFO-1123 mass % 40.0 38.0 52.0 44.0 42.040.0 38.0 36.0 R32 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 GWP — 237237 250 250 250 250 250 250 COP ratio % (relative 96.4 96.5 96.2 96.596.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 114.1 113.9115.1 114.6 114.5 114.3 114.1 114.0 capacity ratio to R410A)

The above results indicate that under the condition that the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32 based on their sum is respectivelyrepresented by x, y, and z, when coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), HFO-1123, and R32is 100 mass %, a line segment connecting a point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) and apoint (0.0, 0.0, 100.0) is the base, and the point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0) ison the left side are within the range of a figure surrounded by linesegments that connect the following 4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A″ (63.0, 0.0, 37.0),

point B″ (0.0, 63.0, 37.0), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a GWP of 250 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within therange of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A′ (81.6, 0.0, 18.4),

point B′ (0.0, 81.6, 18.4), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a GWP of 125 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are within therange of a figure surrounded by line segments that connect the following4 points:

point O (100.0, 0.0, 0.0),

point A (90.5, 0.0, 9.5),

point B (0.0, 90.5, 9.5), and

point (0.0, 100.0, 0.0),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a GWP of 65 or less.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the leftside of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point C (50.0, 31.6, 18.4),

point U (28.7, 41.2, 30.1), and

point D (52.2, 38.3, 9.5),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 96% or more relative to that ofR410A.

In the above, the line segment CU is represented by coordinates(−0.0538z²+0.7888z+53.701, 0.0538z²−1.7888z+46.299, z), and the linesegment UD is represented by coordinates (−3.4962z²+210.71z−3146.1,3.4962z²−211.71z+3246.1, z).

The points on the line segment CU are determined from three points,i.e., point C, Comparative Example 10, and point U, by using theleast-square method.

The points on the line segment UD are determined from three points,i.e., point U, Example 2, and point D, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the leftside of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point E (55.2, 44.8, 0.0),

point T (34.8, 51.0, 14.2), and

point F (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 94.5% or more relative to that ofR410A.

In the above, the line segment ET is represented by coordinates(−0.0547z²−0.5327z+53.4, 0.0547z²−0.4673z+46.6, z), and the line segmentTF is represented by coordinates (−0.0982z²+0.9622z+40.931,0.0982z²−1.9622z+59.069, z).

The points on the line segment ET are determined from three points,i.e., point E, Example 2, and point T, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment TF are determined from three points,i.e., points T, S, and F, by using the least-square method.

The results also indicate that when coordinates (x,y,z) are on the leftside of line segments that connect the following 3 points:

point G (0.0, 76.7, 23.3),

point R (21.0, 69.5, 9.5), and

point H (0.0, 85.9, 14.1),

or on these line segments,

the refrigerant has a COP ratio of 93% or more relative to that ofR410A.

In the above, the line segment GR is represented by coordinates(−0.0491z²−1.1544z+38.5, 0.0491z²+0.1544z+61.5, z), and the line segmentRH is represented by coordinates (−0.3123z²+4.234z+11.06,0.3123z²−5.234z+88.94, z).

The points on the line segment GR are determined from three points,i.e., point G, Example 5, and point R, by using the least-square method.

The points on the line segment RH are determined from three points,i.e., point R, Example 7, and point H, by using the least-square method.

In contrast, as shown in, for example, Comparative Examples 8, 9, 13,15, 17, and 18, when R32 is not contained, the concentrations ofHFO-1132(E) and HFO-1123, which have a double bond, become relativelyhigh; this undesirably leads to deterioration, such as decomposition, orpolymerization in the refrigerant compound.

(6) First Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 that serves as a refrigeration cycleapparatus including an outdoor unit 20 as a heat source unit accordingto a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 16 thatis the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG.17 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.

The air conditioner 1 is an apparatus that air-conditions a space to beair-conditioned by performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.

The air conditioner 1 mainly includes an outdoor unit 20, an indoor unit30, a liquid-side connection pipe 6 and a gas-side connection pipe 5connecting the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit 30, a remote controlunit (not shown) serving as an input device and an output device, and acontroller 7 that controls the operation of the air conditioner 1. Thedesign pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and thegas-side connection pipe 5 may be, for example, higher than or equal to4.5 MPa (for the one having a diameter of ⅜ inches) and lower than orequal to 5.0 MPa (for the one having a diameter of 4/8 inches).

In the air conditioner 1, the refrigeration cycle in which refrigerantsealed in a refrigerant circuit 10 is compressed, cooled or condensed,decompressed, heated or evaporated, and then compressed again isperformed. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant circuit 10 isfilled with refrigerant for performing a vapor compression refrigerationcycle. The refrigerant is a refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene,and any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E may be used. Therefrigerant circuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil togetherwith the refrigerant.

(6-1) Outdoor Unit 20

The outdoor unit 20 has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped boxshape from its appearance, and has a structure in which a fan chamberand a machine chamber are formed (so-called, trunk structure) when theinside is divided by a partition plate, or the like.

The outdoor unit 20 is connected to the indoor unit 30 via theliquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5, andmakes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The outdoor unit 20 mainlyincludes a compressor 21, a four-way valve 22, an outdoor heat exchanger23, an outdoor expansion valve 24, an outdoor fan 25, a liquid-side stopvalve 29, and a gas-side stop valve 28.

The outdoor unit 20 has a design pressure (gauge pressure) that is lowerthan 1.5 times the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connectionpipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure ofeach of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5). The design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 may be, for example,higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The compressor 21 is a device that compresses low-pressure refrigerantinto high pressure in the refrigeration cycle. Here, the compressor 21is a hermetically sealed compressor in which a positive-displacement,such as a rotary type and a scroll type, compression element (not shown)is driven for rotation by a compressor motor. The compressor motor isused to change the displacement. The operation frequency of thecompressor motor is controllable with an inverter. The compressor 21 isprovided with an attached accumulator (not shown) at its suction side.The outdoor unit 20 of the present embodiment does not have arefrigerant container larger than the attached accumulator (alow-pressure receiver disposed at the suction side of the compressor 21,a high-pressure receiver disposed at a liquid side of the outdoor heatexchanger 23, or the like).

The four-way valve 22 is able to switch between a cooling operationconnection state and a heating operation connection state by switchingthe status of connection. In the cooling operation connection state, adischarge side of the compressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23are connected, and the suction side of the compressor 21 and thegas-side stop valve 28 are connected. In the heating operationconnection state, the discharge side of the compressor 21 and thegas-side stop valve 28 are connected, and the suction side of thecompressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 is a heat exchanger that functions as acondenser for high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycleduring cooling operation and that functions as an evaporator forlow-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heatingoperation. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes a plurality of heattransfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extendingthrough the heat transfer fins.

The outdoor fan 25 takes outdoor air into the outdoor unit 20, causesthe air to exchange heat with refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger23, and then generates air flow for emitting the air to the outside. Theoutdoor fan 25 is driven for rotation by an outdoor fan motor. In thepresent embodiment, only one outdoor fan 25 is provided.

The outdoor expansion valve 24 is able to control the valve openingdegree, and is provided between a liquid-side end portion of the outdoorheat exchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.

The liquid-side stop valve 29 is a manual valve disposed at a connectionpoint at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6.

The gas-side stop valve 28 is a manual valve disposed at a connectionpoint at which the outdoor unit 20 is connected to the gas-sideconnection pipe 5.

The outdoor unit 20 includes an outdoor unit control unit 27 thatcontrols the operations of parts that make up the outdoor unit 20. Theoutdoor unit control unit 27 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, amemory, and the like. The outdoor unit control unit 27 is connected toan indoor unit control unit 34 of indoor unit 30 via a communicationline, and sends or receives control signals, or the like, to or from theindoor unit control unit 34. The outdoor unit control unit 27 iselectrically connected to various sensors (not shown), and receivessignals from the sensors.

In the outdoor unit control unit 27 (and the controller 7 including thisunit), an upper limit of a controlled pressure (gauge pressure) ofrefrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressureof each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connectionpipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5).

(6-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 is placed on a wall surface, or the like, in a roomthat is the space to be air-conditioned. The indoor unit 30 is connectedto the outdoor unit 20 via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and thegas-side connection pipe 5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit10. The design pressure of the indoor unit 30, as well as the outdoorunit 20, may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lowerthan or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor heat exchanger 31, an indoor fan32, and the like.

A liquid side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is connected to theliquid-side connection pipe 6, and a gas side of the indoor heatexchanger 31 is connected to the gas-side connection pipe 5. The indoorheat exchanger 31 is a heat exchanger that functions as an evaporatorfor low-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during coolingoperation and that functions as a condenser for high-pressurerefrigerant in the refrigeration cycle during heating operation. Theindoor heat exchanger 31 includes a plurality of heat transfer fins anda plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extending through the heattransfer fins.

The indoor fan 32 takes indoor air into the indoor unit 30, causes theair to exchange heat with refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31,and then generates air flow for emitting the air to the outside. Theindoor fan 32 is driven for rotation by an indoor fan motor (not shown).

The indoor unit 30 includes an indoor unit control unit 34 that controlsthe operations of the parts that make up the indoor unit 30. The indoorunit control unit 34 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, a memory,and the like. The indoor unit control unit 34 is connected to theoutdoor unit control unit 27 via a communication line, and sends orreceives control signals, or the like, to or from the outdoor unitcontrol unit 27.

The indoor unit control unit 34 is electrically connected to varioussensors (not shown) provided inside the indoor unit 30, and receivessignals from the sensors.

(6-3) Details of Controller 7

In the air conditioner 1, the outdoor unit control unit 27 and theindoor unit control unit 34 are connected via the communication line tomake up the controller 7 that controls the operation of the airconditioner 1.

The controller 7 mainly includes a CPU (central processing unit) and amemory such as a ROM and a RAM. Various processes and controls made bythe controller 7 are implemented by various parts included in theoutdoor unit control unit 27 and/or the indoor unit control unit 34functioning together.

(6-4) Operation Mode

Hereinafter, operation modes will be described.

The operation modes include a cooling operation mode and a heatingoperation mode.

The controller 7 determines whether the operation mode is the coolingoperation mode or the heating operation mode and performs the selectedoperation mode based on an instruction received from the remote controlunit, or the like.

(6-4-1) Cooling Operation Mode

In the air conditioner 1, in the cooling operation mode, the status ofconnection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the cooling operationconnection state where the discharge side of the compressor 21 and theoutdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected and the suction side of thecompressor 21 and the gas-side stop valve 28 are connected, andrefrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is mainly circulated inorder of the compressor 21, the outdoor heat exchanger 23, the outdoorexpansion valve 24, and the indoor heat exchanger 31.

More specifically, when the cooling operation mode is started,refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed, and thendischarged in the refrigerant circuit 10.

In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with a coolingload that is required from the indoor unit 30 is performed. Gasrefrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 passes through thefour-way valve 22 and flows into the gas-side end of the outdoor heatexchanger 23.

Gas refrigerant having flowed into the gas-side end of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 withoutdoor-side air that is supplied by the outdoor fan 25 to condense intoliquid refrigerant and flows out from the liquid-side end of the outdoorheat exchanger 23.

Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-side end of the outdoorheat exchanger 23 is decompressed when passing through the outdoorexpansion valve 24. The outdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled suchthat the degree of sub cooling of refrigerant that passes through aliquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies apredetermined condition.

Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 passesthrough the liquid-side stop valve 29 and the liquid-side connectionpipe 6 and flows into the indoor unit 30.

Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into the indoorheat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in the indoor heat exchanger 31 withindoor air that is supplied by the indoor fan 32 to evaporate into gasrefrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side end of the indoor heatexchanger 31. Gas refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end ofthe indoor heat exchanger 31 flows to the gas-side connection pipe 5.

Refrigerant having flowed through the gas-side connection pipe 5 passesthrough the gas-side stop valve 28 and the four-way valve 22, and istaken into the compressor 21 again.

(6-4-2) Heating Operation Mode

In the air conditioner 1, in the heating operation mode, the status ofconnection of the four-way valve 22 is set to the heating operationconnection state where the discharge side of the compressor 21 and thegas-side stop valve 28 are connected and the suction side of thecompressor 21 and the outdoor heat exchanger 23 are connected, andrefrigerant filled in the refrigerant circuit 10 is mainly circulated inorder of the compressor 21, the indoor heat exchanger 31, the outdoorexpansion valve 24, and the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

More specifically, when the heating operation mode is started,refrigerant is taken into the compressor 21, compressed, and thendischarged in the refrigerant circuit 10.

In the compressor 21, displacement control commensurate with a heatingload that is required from the indoor unit 30 is performed. Here, forexample, at least any one of the drive frequency of the compressor 21and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlled such that themaximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 is lowerthan 1.5 times the design pressure of the gas-side connection pipe 5.Gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 21 flows through thefour-way valve 22 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 and then flows intothe indoor unit 30.

Refrigerant having flowed into the indoor unit 30 flows into thegas-side end of the indoor heat exchanger 31, exchanges heat in theindoor heat exchanger 31 with indoor air that is supplied by the indoorfan 32 to condense into refrigerant in a gas-liquid two-phase state orliquid refrigerant, and flows out from the liquid-side end of the indoorheat exchanger 31. Refrigerant having flowed out from the liquid-sideend of the indoor heat exchanger 31 flows into the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6.

Refrigerant having flowed through the liquid-side connection pipe 6 isdecompressed to a low pressure in the refrigeration cycle in theliquid-side stop valve 29 and the outdoor expansion valve 24. Theoutdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree ofsubcooling of refrigerant that passes through a liquid-side outlet ofthe indoor heat exchanger 31 satisfies a predetermined condition.Refrigerant decompressed in the outdoor expansion valve 24 flows intothe liquid-side end of the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

Refrigerant having flowed in from the liquid-side end of the outdoorheat exchanger 23 exchanges heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 withoutdoor air that is supplied by the outdoor fan 25 to evaporate into gasrefrigerant, and flows out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heatexchanger 23.

Refrigerant having flowed out from the gas-side end of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 passes through the four-way valve 22 and is taken into thecompressor 21 again.

(6-5) Characteristics of First Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1, since refrigerant containing1,2-difluoroethylene is used, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.

The air conditioner 1 uses the outdoor unit 20 of which the designpressure is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of theliquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. In theoutdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of the airconditioner 1, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressureof each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5. Therefore, even when the above-described specific refrigerants Ato E are used, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or thegas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

(6-6) Modification A of First Embodiment

In the above-described first embodiment, the air conditioner includingonly one indoor unit is described as an example; however, the airconditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with no indoorexpansion valve) connected in parallel with each other.

(6-7) Modification B of First Embodiment

In the above-described first embodiment, the case where the designpressure of the outdoor unit 20 is lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 and the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoorunit 20 is set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each ofthe liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 isdescribed as an example.

In contrast to this, for example, even when the outdoor unit 20 has adesign pressure higher than or equal to 1.5 times the design pressure ofeach of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5 but the outdoor unit 20 includes the outdoor unit control unit 27that is configured to be able to select the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the refrigerant from among multiple types andthat is able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5, the outdoor unit 20 can be used in the airconditioner 1 of the above-described embodiment.

(7) Second Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 a that serves as a refrigeration cycleapparatus including the outdoor unit 20 as a heat source unit accordingto a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 18 thatis the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG.19 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.

Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1 a of the second embodimentwill be described with a focus on a portion different from the airconditioner 1 of the first embodiment.

In the air conditioner 1 a as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filledwith a refrigerant mixture that contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and thatis any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E as a refrigerantfor performing a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerantcircuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with therefrigerant.

(7-1) Outdoor Unit 20

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 a of the secondembodiment, a first outdoor fan 25 a and a second outdoor fan 25 b areprovided as the outdoor fans 25. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 of theoutdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 a has a wide heat exchange areaso as to adapt to air flow coming from the first outdoor fan 25 a andthe second outdoor fan 25 b. The outdoor unit 20, as in the case of theabove-described first embodiment, has a design pressure (gauge pressure)that is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of theliquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 (thewithstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 andthe gas-side connection pipe 5). The design pressure of the outdoor unit20 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower thanor equal to 4.5 MPa.

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 a, instead of theoutdoor expansion valve 24 of the outdoor unit 20 in the above-describedfirst embodiment, a first outdoor expansion valve 44, an intermediatepressure receiver 41, and a second outdoor expansion valve 45 aresequentially provided between the liquid side of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 and the liquid-side stop valve 29. The first outdoorexpansion valve 44 and the second outdoor expansion valve 45 each areable to control the valve opening degree. The intermediate pressurereceiver 41 is a container that is able to store refrigerant. Both anend portion of a pipe extending from the first outdoor expansion valve44 side and an end portion of a pipe extending from the second outdoorexpansion valve 45 side are located in the internal space of theintermediate pressure receiver 41. The internal volume of theintermediate pressure receiver 41 is greater than the internal volume ofthe attached accumulator attached to the compressor 21 and is preferablygreater than or equal to twice.

The outdoor unit 20 of the second embodiment has substantially arectangular parallelepiped shape and has a structure in which a fanchamber and a machine chamber are formed (so-called, trunk structure)when divided by a partition plate, or the like, extending vertically.

The outdoor heat exchanger 23 includes, for example, a plurality of heattransfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubes fixedly extendingthrough the heat transfer fins. The outdoor heat exchanger 23 isdisposed in an L-shape in plan view.

For the outdoor unit 20 of the second embodiment as well, in the outdoorunit control unit 27 (and the controller 7 including this unit), theupper limit of the controlled pressure (gauge pressure) of therefrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressureof each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connectionpipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5).

In the above air conditioner 1 a, in the cooling operation mode, thefirst outdoor expansion valve 44 is, for example, controlled such thatthe degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passes through theliquid-side outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies apredetermined condition. In the cooling operation mode, the secondoutdoor expansion valve 45 is, for example, controlled such that thedegree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21 takes insatisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operation mode, forexample, at least any one of the drive frequency of the compressor 21and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlled such that themaximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 is lowerthan 1.5 times the design pressure of the gas-side connection pipe 5.

(7-2) Indoor Unit 30

The indoor unit 30 of the second embodiment is placed so as to besuspended in an upper space in a room that is a space to beair-conditioned or placed at a ceiling surface or placed on a wallsurface and used. The indoor unit 30 is connected to the outdoor unit 20via the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe5, and makes up part of the refrigerant circuit 10. The design pressureof the indoor unit 30, as well as the outdoor unit 20, may be, forexample, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5MPa.

The indoor unit 30 includes the indoor heat exchanger 31, the indoor fan32, and the like.

The indoor heat exchanger 31 of the second embodiment includes aplurality of heat transfer fins and a plurality of heat transfer tubesfixedly extending through the heat transfer fins.

(7-3) Characteristics of Second Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1 a according to the secondembodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1 according to thefirst embodiment, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene isused, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.

The air conditioner 1 a uses the outdoor unit 20 of which the designpressure is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of theliquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. In theoutdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of the airconditioner 1 a, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressureof each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5. Therefore, even when the above-described specific refrigerants Ato E are used, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or thegas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

(7-4) Modification A of Second Embodiment

In the above-described second embodiment, the air conditioner includingonly one indoor unit is described as an example; however, the airconditioner may include a plurality of indoor units (with no indoorexpansion valve) connected in parallel with each other.

(7-5) Modification B of Second Embodiment

In the above-described second embodiment, the case where the designpressure of the outdoor unit 20 is lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 and the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoorunit 20 is set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each ofthe liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 isdescribed as an example.

In contrast to this, for example, even when the outdoor unit 20 has adesign pressure higher than or equal to 1.5 times the design pressure ofeach of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5 but the outdoor unit 20 includes the outdoor unit control unit 27that is configured to be able to select the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the refrigerant from among multiple types andthat is able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5, the outdoor unit 20 can be used in the airconditioner 1 a of the above-described embodiment.

(8) Third Embodiment

Hereinafter, an air conditioner 1 b that serves as a refrigeration cycleapparatus including the outdoor unit 20 as a heat source unit accordingto a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 20 thatis the schematic configuration diagram of a refrigerant circuit and FIG.21 that is a schematic control block configuration diagram.

Hereinafter, mainly, the air conditioner 1 b of the third embodimentwill be described with a focus on a portion different from the airconditioner 1 of the first embodiment.

In the air conditioner 1 b as well, the refrigerant circuit 10 is filledwith a refrigerant that contains 1,2-difluoroethylene and that is anyone of the above-described refrigerants A to E as a refrigerant forperforming a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerantcircuit 10 is filled with refrigerating machine oil together with therefrigerant.

(8-1) Outdoor Unit 20

In the outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 b of the thirdembodiment, a low-pressure receiver 26, a subcooling heat exchanger 47,and a subcooling circuit 46 are provided in the outdoor unit 20 in theabove-described first embodiment. Preferably, the outdoor unit 20, as inthe case of the above-described first embodiment, has a design pressure(gauge pressure) that is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure ofeach of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-side connectionpipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5) and that is lower than thedesign pressure of each of branch pipes 5 a, 5 b, 6 a, 6 b (describedlater) in the air conditioner 1 b of the present embodiment, including aplurality of indoor units 30, 35. The design pressure of the outdoorunit 20 may be, for example, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lowerthan or equal to 4.5 MPa.

The low-pressure receiver 26 is a container that is provided between oneof connection ports of the four-way valve 22 and the suction side of thecompressor 21 and that is able to store refrigerant. In the presentembodiment, the low-pressure receiver 26 is provided separately from theattached accumulator of the compressor 21. The internal volume of thelow-pressure receiver 26 is greater than the internal volume of theattached accumulator attached to the compressor 21 and is preferablygreater than or equal to twice.

The subcooling heat exchanger 47 is provided between the outdoorexpansion valve 24 and the liquid-side stop valve 29.

The subcooling circuit 46 is a circuit that branches off from a maincircuit between the outdoor expansion valve 24 and the subcooling heatexchanger 47 and that merges with a portion halfway from one of theconnection ports of the four-way valve 22 to the low-pressure receiver26. A subcooling expansion valve 48 that decompresses refrigerantpassing therethrough is provided halfway in the subcooling circuit 46.Refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46 and decompressedby the subcooling expansion valve 48 exchanges heat with refrigerantflowing through the main circuit side in the subcooling heat exchanger47. Thus, refrigerant flowing through the main circuit side is furthercooled, and refrigerant flowing through the subcooling circuit 46evaporates.

The outdoor unit 20 of the air conditioner 1 b according to the thirdembodiment may have, for example, a so-called up-blow structure thattakes in air from the lower side and discharges air outward from theupper side.

Preferably, for the outdoor unit 20 of the third embodiment as well, inthe outdoor unit control unit 27 (and the controller 7 including thisunit), the upper limit of the controlled pressure (gauge pressure) ofthe refrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 (the withstanding pressure of each of the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5) and is set so asto be lower than the design pressure of each of the branch pipes 5 a, 5b, 6 a, 6 b (described later) in the air conditioner 1 b of the presentembodiment, including the plurality of indoor units 30, 35.

(8-2) First Indoor Unit 30 and Second Indoor Unit 35

In the air conditioner 1 b according to the third embodiment, instead ofthe indoor unit 30 in the above-described first embodiment, a firstindoor unit 30 and a second indoor unit 35 are provided in parallel witheach other. The design pressures of the first indoor unit 30 and secondindoor unit 35, as well as the outdoor unit 20, each may be, forexample, higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to 4.5MPa.

The first indoor unit 30, as well as the indoor unit 30 in theabove-described first embodiment, includes a first indoor heat exchanger31, a first indoor fan 32, and a first indoor unit control unit 34, andfurther includes a first indoor expansion valve 33 at the liquid side ofthe first indoor heat exchanger 31. The first indoor expansion valve 33is able to control the valve opening degree. The liquid side of thefirst indoor unit 30 is connected to the first liquid-side branch pipe 6a that branches and extends from an indoor unit-side end portion of theliquid-side connection pipe 6, and the gas side of the first indoor unit30 is connected to the first gas-side branch pipe 5 a that branches andextends from an indoor unit-side end portion of the gas-side connectionpipe 5.

The second indoor unit 35, as well as the first indoor unit 30, includesa second indoor heat exchanger 36, a second indoor fan 37, a secondindoor unit control unit 39, and a second indoor expansion valve 38provided at the liquid side of the second indoor heat exchanger 36. Thesecond indoor expansion valve 38 is able to control the valve openingdegree. The liquid side of the second indoor unit 35 is connected to thesecond liquid-side branch pipe 6 b that branches and extends from theindoor unit-side end portion of the liquid-side connection pipe 6, andthe gas side of the second indoor unit 35 is connected to the secondgas-side branch pipe 5 b that branches and extends from the indoorunit-side end portion of the gas-side connection pipe 5.

The design pressures of the first liquid-side branch pipe 6 a, secondliquid-side branch pipe 6 b, first gas-side branch pipe 5 a, and secondgas-side branch pipe 5 b each may be set to, for example, 4.5 MPa.

The specific structures of the first indoor unit 30 and second indoorunit 35 of the air conditioner 1 b according to the third embodimenteach have a similar configuration to the indoor unit 30 of the secondembodiment except the above-described first indoor expansion valve 33and second indoor expansion valve 38.

The controller 7 of the third embodiment is made up of the outdoor unitcontrol unit 27, the first indoor unit control unit 34, and the secondindoor unit control unit 39 communicably connected to one another.

In the above air conditioner 1 b, in the cooling operation mode, theoutdoor expansion valve 24 is controlled such that the degree ofsubcooling of refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet ofthe outdoor heat exchanger 23 satisfies a predetermined condition. Inthe cooling operation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 iscontrolled such that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that thecompressor 21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In thecooling operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 and thesecond indoor expansion valve 38 are controlled to a fully open state.

In the heating operation mode, the first indoor expansion valve 33 iscontrolled such that the degree of subcooling of refrigerant that passesthrough the liquid-side outlet of the first indoor heat exchanger 31satisfies a predetermined condition. Similarly, the second indoorexpansion valve 38 is also controlled such that the degree of subcoolingof refrigerant that passes through the liquid-side outlet of the secondindoor heat exchanger 36 satisfies a predetermined condition. In theheating operation mode, the outdoor expansion valve 45 is controlledsuch that the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor21 takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heatingoperation mode, the subcooling expansion valve 48 is controlled suchthat the degree of superheating of refrigerant that the compressor 21takes in satisfies a predetermined condition. In the heating operationmode, for example, at least any one of the drive frequency of thecompressor 21 and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 is controlledsuch that the maximum value of the pressure in the refrigerant circuit10 is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of the gas-sideconnection pipe 5. Preferably, at least any one of the drive frequencyof the compressor 21 and the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 iscontrolled such that the maximum value of the pressure in therefrigerant circuit 10 is lower than the design pressure of each of thefirst gas-side branch pipe 5 a and the second gas-side branch pipe 5 b.

(8-3) Characteristics of Third Embodiment

In the above-described air conditioner 1 b according to the thirdembodiment as well, as well as the air conditioner 1 according to thefirst embodiment, since refrigerant containing 1,2-difluoroethylene isused, a GWP can be sufficiently reduced.

The air conditioner 1 b uses the outdoor unit 20 of which the designpressure is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each of theliquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5. In theoutdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of the airconditioner 1 b, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is set so as to be lower than 1.5 times the design pressureof each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5. Therefore, even when the above-described specific refrigerants Ato E are used, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or thegas-side connection pipe 5 can be reduced.

(8-4) Modification A of Third Embodiment

In the above-described third embodiment, the case where the designpressure of the outdoor unit 20 is lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 and the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoorunit 20 is set such that the upper limit of the controlled pressure ofthe refrigerant is lower than 1.5 times the design pressure of each ofthe liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 isdescribed as an example.

In contrast to this, for example, even when the outdoor unit 20 has adesign pressure higher than or equal to 1.5 times the design pressure ofeach of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-side connectionpipe 5 but the outdoor unit 20 includes the outdoor unit control unit 27that is configured to be able to select the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure of the refrigerant from among multiple types andthat is able to set the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times the designpressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and the gas-sideconnection pipe 5, the outdoor unit 20 can be used in the airconditioner 1 b of the above-described embodiment.

(9) Fourth Embodiment

In the above-described first to third embodiments and theirmodifications, the new outdoor unit 20 and air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 bin which any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E is used aredescribed as examples.

In contrast to this, an air conditioner according to a fourthembodiment, as will be described below, is an air conditioner modifiedfrom an air conditioner in which another refrigerant is used byreplacing the refrigerant to be used with any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E while the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and thegas-side connection pipe 5 are reused.

(9-1) Modified Air Conditioner from R22

The air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b in the above-described first to thirdembodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1 a,1 b having used R22 and modified so as to use any one of therefrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in whichrefrigerant R22 (refrigerant having a lower design pressure than any oneof the above-described refrigerants A to E) has been used is determinedbased on the outer diameter and thickness of pipes and the material ofcopper pipes from which the pipes are made. Of copper pipes that aregenerally used for such the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and thegas-side connection pipe 5, a combination of the outer diameter,thickness, and material of the pipe, of which the design pressure is thelowest, is a combination of ϕ19.05, 1.0 mm in thickness, and O-materialfrom Copper Pipes for General Refrigerant Piping (JIS B 8607), and thedesign pressure is 3.72 MPa (gauge pressure).

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (theamount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that theupper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower thanor equal to 3.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Alternatively, in the outdoor unitcontrol unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E, the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is set so as to be lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gaugepressure). Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts the amount ofcirculating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequency of thecompressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25 in theoutdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-sideconnection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (oldmachine) in which refrigerant R22 has been used can be reused when theair conditioners (new machines) 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use anyone of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, inthat case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 ofeach of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any oneof the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of anoutdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R22 has been used, and isspecifically higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to3.7 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR22 has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a designpressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant,which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of theair conditioner in which R22 has been used or an upper limit of acontrolled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case wherethe design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR22 has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is 3.0 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a designpressure equivalent to 3.0 MPa or a further higher design pressure (theone that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lowerthan or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used forany one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to3.0 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 isconnected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe6 a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6 b, the first gas-side branchpipe 5 a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5 b as described in thethird embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes whenR22 is used as a refrigerant is set to 3.4 MPa that is further lowerthan 3.7 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1 b that includes theplurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerant to be usedis replaced from R22 to any one of the above-described refrigerants A toE, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a design pressure lower thanor equal to 3.4 MPa is used or the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unit control unit 27of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equal to 3.4 MPa inorder for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through the branch pipesnot to exceed 3.4 MPa.

(9-2) Modified Air Conditioner from R407C

The air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b in the above-described first to thirdembodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1 a,1 b having used R407C and modified so as to use any one of therefrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in whichrefrigerant R407C (refrigerant having a lower design pressure than anyone of the above-described refrigerants A to E) has been used is similarto the case where R22 has been used, and the design pressure of pipeshaving the lowest design pressure for the liquid-side connection pipe 6and the gas-side connection pipe 5 is 3.72 MPa (gauge pressure).

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E, as in the case of the modification from R22, theheat transfer area of the outdoor heat exchanger 23 and the volume ofair in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (the amount of air that is sent bythe outdoor fan 25) are set such that the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gaugepressure). Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of theoutdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified soas to use any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upperlimit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to belower than or equal to 3.7 MPa (gauge pressure). Thus, the outdoor unitcontrol unit 27 adjusts the amount of circulating refrigerant bycontrolling the operating frequency of the compressor 21 and adjusts thevolume of air of the outdoor fan 25 in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-sideconnection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (oldmachine) in which refrigerant R407C has been used can be reused when theair conditioners (new machines) 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use anyone of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, inthat case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 ofeach of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any oneof the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of anoutdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R407C has been used, and isspecifically higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa and lower than or equal to3.7 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR407C has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a designpressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant,which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of theair conditioner in which R407C has been used or an upper limit of acontrolled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case wherethe design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR407C has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is 3.0 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a designpressure equivalent to 3.0 MPa or a further higher design pressure (theone that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lowerthan or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used forany one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to3.0 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 isconnected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe6 a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6 b, the first gas-side branchpipe 5 a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5 b as described in thethird embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes whenR407C is used as a refrigerant is set to 3.4 MPa, as in the case of R22,that is further lower than 3.7 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1b that includes the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which arefrigerant to be used is replaced from R407C to any one of theabove-described refrigerants A to E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20having a design pressure lower than or equal to 3.4 MPa is used or theupper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set by theoutdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lowerthan or equal to 3.4 MPa in order for the pressure of refrigerantflowing through the branch pipes not to exceed 3.4 MPa.

(9-3) Modified Air Conditioner from R410A

The air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b in the above-described first to thirdembodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1 a,1 b having used R410A and modified so as to use any one of therefrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in whichrefrigerant R410A (refrigerant having a design pressure substantiallyequivalent to that of any one of the above-described refrigerants A toE) has been used is set to 4.3 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes having anouter diameter of ⅜ inches and 4.8 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes havingan outer diameter of ½ inches.

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (theamount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that theupper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower thanor equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outerdiameter of ⅜ inches are used or is lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa forthe case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches areused. Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoorunit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as touse any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upper limitof the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lowerthan or equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having anouter diameter of ⅜ inches are used or so as to be lower than or equalto 4.8 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameterof ½ inches are used. Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts theamount of circulating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequencyof the compressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-sideconnection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (oldmachine) in which refrigerant R410A has been used can be reused when theair conditioners (new machines) 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use anyone of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, inthat case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 ofeach of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any oneof the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of anoutdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R410A has been used, and isspecifically higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to4.8 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR410A has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a designpressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant,which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of theair conditioner in which R410A has been used or an upper limit of acontrolled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case wherethe design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR410A has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is 4.2 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a designpressure equivalent to 4.2 MPa or a further higher design pressure (theone that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.2 MPa and lowerthan or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used forany one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to4.2 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 isconnected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe6 a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6 b, the first gas-side branchpipe 5 a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5 b as described in thethird embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes whenR410A is used as a refrigerant is set to 4.2 MPa that is further lowerthan 4.8 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1 b that includes theplurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerant to be usedis replaced from R410A to any one of the above-described refrigerants Ato E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a design pressure lowerthan or equal to 4.2 MPa is used or the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unit control unit 27of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equal to 4.2 MPa inorder for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through the branch pipesnot to exceed 4.2 MPa.

(9-4) Modified Air Conditioner from R32

The air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b in the above-described first to thirdembodiments and their modifications may be the air conditioners 1, 1 a,1 b having used R32 and modified so as to use any one of therefrigerants A to E containing 1,2-difluoroethylene.

Here, the design pressure of each of the liquid-side connection pipe 6and the gas-side connection pipe 5 in an air conditioner in whichrefrigerant R32 (refrigerant having a design pressure substantiallyequivalent to that of any one of the above-described refrigerants A toE) has been used is set to 4.3 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes having anouter diameter of ⅜ inches and 4.8 MPa (gauge pressure) for pipes havingan outer diameter of ½ inches.

For this reason, in the outdoor unit 20 of each of the air conditioners1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E, the heat transfer area of the outdoor heatexchanger 23 and the volume of air in the outdoor heat exchanger 23 (theamount of air that is sent by the outdoor fan 25) are set such that theupper limit of the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is lower thanor equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outerdiameter of ⅜ inches are used or is lower than or equal to 4.8 MPa forthe case where connection pipes having an outer diameter of ½ inches areused. Alternatively, in the outdoor unit control unit 27 of the outdoorunit 20 of each of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as touse any one of the above-described refrigerants A to E, the upper limitof the controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set so as to be lowerthan or equal to 4.3 MPa for the case where connection pipes having anouter diameter of ⅜ inches are used or so as to be lower than or equalto 4.8 MPa for the case where connection pipes having an outer diameterof ½ inches are used. Thus, the outdoor unit control unit 27 adjusts theamount of circulating refrigerant by controlling the operating frequencyof the compressor 21 and adjusts the volume of air of the outdoor fan 25in the outdoor heat exchanger 23.

As described above, the liquid-side connection pipe 6 and gas-sideconnection pipe 5 that have been used in an air conditioner (oldmachine) in which refrigerant R32 has been used can be reused when theair conditioners (new machines) 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use anyone of the above-described refrigerants A to E are introduced, and, inthat case, damage to the liquid-side connection pipe 6 or the gas-sideconnection pipe 5 can be reduced.

In this case, preferably, the design pressure of the outdoor unit 20 ofeach of the air conditioners 1, 1 a, 1 b modified so as to use any oneof the refrigerants A to E is equivalent to the design pressure of anoutdoor unit in an air conditioner in which R32 has been used, and isspecifically higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa and lower than or equal to4.8 MPa. An outdoor unit and indoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR32 has been used may be reused or may be replaced with new ones.

When a new one is used for the outdoor unit 20, the new one has a designpressure or an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant,which is equivalent to the design pressure of the outdoor unit of theair conditioner in which R32 has been used or an upper limit of acontrolled pressure of the refrigerant. For example, in the case wherethe design pressure of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner in whichR32 has been used or the upper limit of the controlled pressure of therefrigerant is 4.2 MPa, even when the new outdoor unit 20 has a designpressure equivalent to 4.2 MPa or a further higher design pressure (theone that has a design pressure higher than or equal to 4.2 MPa and lowerthan or equal to 4.5 MPa and that can be connected to the liquid-sideconnection pipe 6 and the gas-side connection pipe 5 that are used forany one of the refrigerants A to E), the upper limit of the controlledpressure of the refrigerant is preferably set so as to be equivalent to4.2 MPa.

For the air conditioner in which the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 isconnected via the branch pipes such as the first liquid-side branch pipe6 a, the second liquid-side branch pipe 6 b, the first gas-side branchpipe 5 a, and the second gas-side branch pipe 5 b as described in thethird embodiment, the design pressure of each of these branch pipes whenR32 is used as a refrigerant is set to 4.2 MPa that is further lowerthan 4.8 MPa. Therefore, for the air conditioner 1, 1 a, 1 b thatincludes the plurality of indoor units 30, 35 and in which a refrigerantto be used is replaced from R32 to any one of the above-describedrefrigerants A to E, preferably, the outdoor unit 20 having a designpressure lower than or equal to 4.2 MPa is used or the upper limit ofthe controlled pressure of the refrigerant is set by the outdoor unitcontrol unit 27 of the outdoor unit 20 so as to be lower than or equalto 4.2 MPa in order for the pressure of refrigerant flowing through thebranch pipes not to exceed 4.2 MPa.

The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above; however,it is understood that various modifications of modes and details areapplicable without departing from the purport or scope of the presentdisclosure recited in the claims.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   -   1, 1 a, 1 b air conditioner (refrigeration cycle apparatus)    -   5 gas-side connection pipe (connection pipe)    -   6 liquid-side connection pipe (connection pipe)    -   7 controller (control device)    -   10 refrigerant circuit    -   20 outdoor unit (heat source unit)    -   21 compressor    -   27 outdoor unit control unit (control device)    -   23 outdoor heat exchanger (heat source-side heat exchanger)    -   30 indoor unit, first indoor unit (service unit)    -   31 indoor heat exchanger, first indoor heat exchanger        (service-side heat exchanger)    -   35 second indoor unit (service unit)    -   36 second indoor heat exchanger (service-side heat exchanger)

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL 1 International Publication No. 2015/141678

The invention claimed is:
 1. A heat source unit that is connected via aconnection pipe to a service unit including a service-side heatexchanger and that is a component of a refrigeration cycle apparatus,the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; and a heat source-sideheat exchanger, wherein a refrigerant is used as a refrigerant, and adesign pressure of the heat source unit is lower than 1.5 times a designpressure of the connection pipe, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7,18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments(excluding the points on the line segment EI; the line segment IJ isrepresented by coordinates (0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y,−0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented bycoordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and theline segments JN and EI are straight lines.
 2. A refrigeration cycleapparatus comprising the service unit, the connection pipe, and the heatsource unit according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant is used in therefrigeration cycle apparatus, and the design pressure of the heatsource unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.
 3. Therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the designpressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.
 4. A refrigeration cycle apparatuscomprising the service unit, the connection pipe, and the heat sourceunit according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant is used in therefrigeration cycle apparatus, and the design pressure of the heatsource unit is equivalent to a design pressure in a refrigeration cycleapparatus in which refrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.
 5. Therefrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the designpressure of the heat source unit is higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.
 6. A heat source unit that is connectedvia a connection pipe to a service unit including a service-side heatexchanger and that is a component of a refrigeration cycle apparatus,the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; a heat source-side heatexchanger; and a control device, wherein a refrigerant is used as arefrigerant, and the control device is configured to set or be able toset an upper limit of a controlled pressure of the refrigerant such thatthe upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a design pressure of theconnection pipe, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments IJ, JN, NE, and EI that connect the following 4 points:point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2), point N (27.7,18.2, 54.1), and point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7), or on these line segments(excluding the points on the line segment EI; the line segment IJ isrepresented by coordinates 0.0236y²−1.7616y+72.0, y,−0.0236y²+0.7616y+28.0); the line segment NE is represented bycoordinates (0.012y²−1.9003y+58.3, y, −0.012y²+0.9003y+41.7); and theline segments JN and EI are straight lines.
 7. A refrigeration cycleapparatus comprising the service unit, the connection pipe, and the heatsource unit according to claim 6, wherein the refrigerant is used in therefrigeration cycle apparatus, and the control device is configured toset or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit ofa controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R22 or refrigerant R407C is used.
 8. The refrigeration cycleapparatus according to claim 7, wherein the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to 3.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 3.7 MPa.
 9. A refrigeration cycle apparatuscomprising the service unit, the connection pipe, and the heat sourceunit according to claim 6, wherein the refrigerant is used in therefrigeration cycle apparatus, and the control device is configured toset or be able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is equivalent to an upper limit ofa controlled pressure in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in whichrefrigerant R410A or refrigerant R32 is used.
 10. The refrigerationcycle apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the upper limit of thecontrolled pressure is set to be higher than or equal to 4.0 MPa andlower than or equal to 4.8 MPa.
 11. A heat source unit that is connectedvia a connection pipe to a service unit including a service-side heatexchanger and that is a component of a refrigeration cycle apparatus,the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; and a heat source-sideheat exchanger, wherein a refrigerant is used as a refrigerant, and adesign pressure of the heat source unit is lower than 1.5 times a designpressure of the connection pipe, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0,60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the linesegment GM); the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates(0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4); the line segment M′N isrepresented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y,−0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02); the line segment VG is represented bycoordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and theline segments NV and GM are straight lines.
 12. A heat source unit thatis connected via a connection pipe to a service unit including aservice-side heat exchanger and that is a component of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; and aheat source-side heat exchanger, wherein a refrigerant is used as arefrigerant, and a design pressure of the heat source unit is lower than1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe, wherein therefrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on theirsum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments ON, NU, and UO that connect thefollowing 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2,54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments; theline segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512,y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488); the line segment NU is represented bycoordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y, −0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); andthe line segment UO is a straight line.
 13. A heat source unit that isconnected via a connection pipe to a service unit including aservice-side heat exchanger and that is a component of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; and aheat source-side heat exchanger, wherein a refrigerant is used as arefrigerant, and a design pressure of the heat source unit is lower than1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe, wherein therefrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on theirsum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connectthe following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8,37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and pointK (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments; the line segment QR isrepresented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y,−0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235); the line segment RT is represented bycoordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); theline segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488,y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512); the line segment KQ is represented bycoordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); andthe line segment TL is a straight line.
 14. A heat source unit that isconnected via a connection pipe to a service unit including aservice-side heat exchanger and that is a component of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; and aheat source-side heat exchanger, wherein a refrigerant is used as arefrigerant, and a design pressure of the heat source unit is lower than1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe, wherein therefrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on theirsum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments PS, ST, and TP that connect thefollowing 3 points: point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7,38.4), and point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments; theline segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y,−0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9); the line segment ST is represented bycoordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); andthe line segment TP is a straight line.
 15. A heat source unit that isconnected via a connection pipe to a service unit including aservice-side heat exchanger and that is a component of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; a heatsource-side heat exchanger; and a control device, wherein a refrigerantis used as a refrigerant, and the control device is configured to set orbe able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a designpressure of the connection pipe, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments MM′, M′N, NV, VG, and GM that connect the following 5points: point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4), point M′(39.2, 5.0, 55.8), point N(27.7, 18.2, 54.1), point V (11.0, 18.1, 70.9), and point G (39.6, 0.0,60.4), or on these line segments (excluding the points on the linesegment GM); the line segment MM′ is represented by coordinates(0.132y²−3.34y+52.6, y, −0.132y²+2.34y+47.4); the line segment M′N isrepresented by coordinates (0.0596y²−2.2541y+48.98, y,−0.0596y²+1.2541y+51.02); the line segment VG is represented bycoordinates (0.0123y²−1.8033y+39.6, y, −0.0123y²+0.8033y+60.4); and theline segments NV and GM are straight lines.
 16. A heat source unit thatis connected via a connection pipe to a service unit including aservice-side heat exchanger and that is a component of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; a heatsource-side heat exchanger; and a control device, wherein a refrigerantis used as a refrigerant, and the control device is configured to set orbe able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a designpressure of the connection pipe, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternarycomposition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by line segmentsON, NU, and UO that connect the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8,40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or onthese line segments; the line segment ON is represented by coordinates(0.0072y²−0.6701y+37.512, y, −0.0072y²−0.3299y+62.488); the line segmentNU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y²−1.7403y+56.635, y,−0.0083y²+0.7403y+43.365); and the line segment UO is a straight line.17. A heat source unit that is connected via a connection pipe to aservice unit including a service-side heat exchanger and that is acomponent of a refrigeration cycle apparatus, the heat source unitcomprising: a compressor; a heat source-side heat exchanger; and acontrol device, wherein a refrigerant is used as a refrigerant, and thecontrol device is configured to set or be able to set an upper limit ofa controlled pressure of the refrigerant such that the upper limit islower than 1.5 times a design pressure of the connection pipe, whereinthe refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)),difluoromethane (R32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf),wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on theirsum in the refrigerant is respectively represented by x, y, and z,coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of afigure surrounded by line segments QR, RT, TL, LK, and KQ that connectthe following 5 points: point Q (44.6, 23.0, 32.4), point R (25.5, 36.8,37.7), point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8), point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and pointK (35.6, 36.8, 27.6), or on these line segments; the line segment QR isrepresented by coordinates (0.0099y²−1.975y+84.765, y,−0.0099y²+0.975y+15.235); the line segment RT is represented bycoordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); theline segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y²−0.8842y+61.488,y, −0.0049y²−0.1158y+38.512); the line segment KQ is represented bycoordinates (0.0095y²−1.2222y+67.676, y, −0.0095y²+0.2222y+32.324); andthe line segment TL is a straight line.
 18. A heat source unit that isconnected via a connection pipe to a service unit including aservice-side heat exchanger and that is a component of a refrigerationcycle apparatus, the heat source unit comprising: a compressor; a heatsource-side heat exchanger; and a control device, wherein a refrigerantis used as a refrigerant, and the control device is configured to set orbe able to set an upper limit of a controlled pressure of therefrigerant such that the upper limit is lower than 1.5 times a designpressure of the connection pipe, wherein the refrigerant comprisestrans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32), and2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), wherein when the mass % ofHFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant isrespectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in aternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, andR1234yf is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded byline segments PS, ST, and TP that connect the following 3 points: pointP (20.5, 51.7, 27.8), point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and point T (8.6,51.6, 39.8), or on these line segments; the line segment PS isrepresented by coordinates (0.0064y²−0.7103y+40.1, y,−0.0064y²−0.2897y+59.9); the line segment ST is represented bycoordinates (0.0082y²−1.8683y+83.126, y, −0.0082y²+0.8683y+16.874); andthe line segment TP is a straight line.